Pediatric and Special Population Dermatology Flashcards

What is the most common skin condition in neonates presenting as erythematous macules with white or yellow papulopustules on an otherwise healthy newborn?

Answer: Erythema toxicum neonatorum

Erythema toxicum neonatorum is a benign, self-limiting eruption in healthy term newborns characterized by erythematous macules and papulopustules filled with eosinophils, resolving within 1–2 weeks.

A port-wine stain (nevus flammeus) on the face in a V1 trigeminal distribution should prompt evaluation for which syndrome?

Answer: Sturge-Weber syndrome

Port-wine stains in the V1 (ophthalmic) distribution of the trigeminal nerve are associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome, which includes ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma, glaucoma, and seizures.

Infantile hemangiomas reach their peak size at approximately what age?

Answer: 3–5 months of age

Infantile hemangiomas are absent or barely visible at birth, proliferate rapidly in the first 3–5 months of life reaching peak size, then slowly involute over years.

Which topical medication is first-line for treating cradle cap (infantile seborrheic dermatitis) on the scalp?

Answer: Gentle emollient oils and mild antifungal shampoos

Cradle cap is managed with gentle emollient oils to loosen scales followed by mild ketoconazole or antifungal shampoos, reserving low-potency steroids for resistant cases.

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is caused by mutations in genes encoding which structural proteins?

Answer: Keratin, laminin, collagen VII, or other structural proteins of the dermoepidermal junction

EB is a heterogeneous group of mechanobullous disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding structural proteins including keratins (simplex), laminin-332 (junctional), or collagen VII (dystrophic).

A child presents with thick, hyperkeratotic plaques on the elbows, knees, and scalp with nail pitting. Which condition is most likely?

Answer: Childhood psoriasis

Psoriasis in children presents similarly to adults with thick scaly plaques on extensor surfaces and scalp, and nail changes (pitting, onycholysis) are common associated findings.