Pediatric and Special Population Dermatology Flashcards

Which neurocutaneous syndrome is characterized by café-au-lait macules, axillary freckling, and neurofibromas?

Answer: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)

NF1 (von Recklinghausen disease) is diagnosed by ≥6 café-au-lait macules, Lisch nodules, axillary/inguinal freckling, neurofibromas, and other features from autosomal dominant NF1 mutations.

Ash-leaf macules (hypopigmented macules), shagreen patches, and angiofibromas are cutaneous markers of which genodermatosis?

Answer: Tuberous sclerosis complex

Tuberous sclerosis complex presents with characteristic skin findings including ash-leaf macules (first sign), angiofibromas on the face, shagreen patches on the back, and periungual fibromas.

What skin findings are associated with celiac disease beyond dermatitis herpetiformis?

Answer: Aphthous ulcers, angular cheilitis, and alopecia

Celiac disease is associated with multiple cutaneous manifestations including recurrent aphthous ulcers, angular cheilitis from nutritional deficiencies, and alopecia.

Impetigo caused by Staphylococcus aureus most characteristically produces which type of lesion?

Answer: Honey-colored crusted lesions and bullae from exfoliative toxins

Staphylococcal impetigo produces the classic honey-colored crusted lesions; bullous impetigo results from exfoliative toxins A and B causing superficial epidermal cleavage at the granular layer.

Which skin condition in pregnancy presents with intensely pruritic urticarial papules and plaques in the striae of the abdomen?

Answer: PUPPP (Pruritic Urticarial Papules and Plaques of Pregnancy)

PUPPP (also called polymorphic eruption of pregnancy) classically begins in the abdominal striae of primigravida women in the third trimester, sparing the umbilicus.

What is the recommended first-line systemic treatment for severe atopic dermatitis in adults when topical therapy fails?

Answer: Dupilumab (IL-4Rα biologic)

Dupilumab is now the preferred first-line systemic agent for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults, offering superior efficacy and safety compared to traditional immunosuppressants.