Dermatologist Certificate Pediatric and Special Population Dermatology 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the most common skin condition in neonates presenting as erythematous macules with white or yellow papulopustules on an otherwise healthy newborn?
- Erythema toxicum neonatorum (Correct answer)
- Neonatal acne
- Transient neonatal pustular melanosis
- Miliaria crystallina
Correct answer: Erythema toxicum neonatorum
Erythema toxicum neonatorum is a benign, self-limiting eruption in healthy term newborns characterized by erythematous macules and papulopustules filled with eosinophils, resolving within 1–2 weeks.
Question 2: A port-wine stain (nevus flammeus) on the face in a V1 trigeminal distribution should prompt evaluation for which syndrome?
- Sturge-Weber syndrome (Correct answer)
- Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome
- PHACE syndrome
- Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
Correct answer: Sturge-Weber syndrome
Port-wine stains in the V1 (ophthalmic) distribution of the trigeminal nerve are associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome, which includes ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma, glaucoma, and seizures.
Question 3: Infantile hemangiomas reach their peak size at approximately what age?
- 3–5 months of age (Correct answer)
- Birth
- 12–18 months of age
- 2–3 years of age
Correct answer: 3–5 months of age
Infantile hemangiomas are absent or barely visible at birth, proliferate rapidly in the first 3–5 months of life reaching peak size, then slowly involute over years.
Question 4: Which topical medication is first-line for treating cradle cap (infantile seborrheic dermatitis) on the scalp?
- Gentle emollient oils and mild antifungal shampoos (Correct answer)
- High-potency topical corticosteroids
- Coal tar preparations
- Salicylic acid peels
Correct answer: Gentle emollient oils and mild antifungal shampoos
Cradle cap is managed with gentle emollient oils to loosen scales followed by mild ketoconazole or antifungal shampoos, reserving low-potency steroids for resistant cases.
Question 5: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is caused by mutations in genes encoding which structural proteins?
- Keratin, laminin, collagen VII, or other structural proteins of the dermoepidermal junction (Correct answer)
- Filaggrin and involucrin
- Desmoglein and desmocollin
- Elastin and fibrillin
Correct answer: Keratin, laminin, collagen VII, or other structural proteins of the dermoepidermal junction
EB is a heterogeneous group of mechanobullous disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding structural proteins including keratins (simplex), laminin-332 (junctional), or collagen VII (dystrophic).
Question 6: A child presents with thick, hyperkeratotic plaques on the elbows, knees, and scalp with nail pitting. Which condition is most likely?
- Childhood psoriasis (Correct answer)
- Atopic dermatitis
- Tinea corporis
- Pityriasis rubra pilaris
Correct answer: Childhood psoriasis
Psoriasis in children presents similarly to adults with thick scaly plaques on extensor surfaces and scalp, and nail changes (pitting, onycholysis) are common associated findings.
Dermatologist Certificate Pediatric and Special Population Dermatology 1
What is the most common skin condition in neonates presenting as erythematous macules with white or yellow papulopustules on an otherwise healthy newborn?