DAT - Dental Admission Biology: Genetics and Heredity Flashcards
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In a diploid organism, how many alleles does each individual carry for a given gene?
Answer: 2
Diploid organisms carry two alleles for each gene, one inherited from each parent.
A monohybrid cross between two heterozygotes (Aa × Aa) produces offspring in what phenotypic ratio?
Answer: 3:1
A monohybrid cross between two heterozygotes yields a 3:1 phenotypic ratio (3 dominant : 1 recessive).
Which inheritance pattern produces an intermediate phenotype in heterozygotes rather than complete dominance?
Answer: Incomplete dominance
Incomplete dominance produces an intermediate phenotype in heterozygotes because neither allele is fully dominant over the other.
Mendel's law of independent assortment states that genes on different chromosomes:
Answer: Assort independently during gamete formation
The law of independent assortment states that alleles of different genes on non-homologous chromosomes segregate independently during gamete formation.
A carrier of an autosomal recessive disorder has which genotype?
Answer: Aa
A carrier is heterozygous (Aa), carrying one recessive allele without expressing the recessive phenotype.
Which chromosomal abnormality is responsible for Down syndrome?
Answer: Trisomy 21
Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21, the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21.