Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

Which cranial nerve provides the primary sensory innervation to the maxillary teeth?

Answer: Cranial nerve V2 (maxillary division of trigeminal)

The maxillary division (V2) of the trigeminal nerve supplies sensory innervation to the maxillary teeth, palate, and surrounding structures.

The carotid body located at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery primarily functions as a:

Answer: Chemoreceptor for oxygen and CO2 levels

The carotid body is a peripheral chemoreceptor that detects changes in arterial oxygen, CO2, and pH levels to regulate respiration.

Which layer of the airway wall contains cartilaginous rings that prevent collapse?

Answer: Musculocartilaginous layer

The musculocartilaginous layer of the trachea and bronchi contains cartilaginous rings or plates that maintain airway patency.

The functional residual capacity (FRC) of the lungs is the volume of air remaining after:

Answer: Normal tidal expiration

FRC is the lung volume at the end of a normal passive expiration, representing the balance point between lung recoil and chest wall expansion.

Which anatomical structure separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity?

Answer: Hard and soft palate

The hard palate (bony) anteriorly and soft palate (muscular) posteriorly form the roof of the mouth and floor of the nasal cavity.

During a vasovagal syncope episode, which autonomic mechanism causes the initial bradycardia?

Answer: Increased parasympathetic stimulation via the vagus nerve

Vasovagal syncope involves excessive parasympathetic (vagal) tone causing bradycardia and vasodilation, leading to a drop in cardiac output.

The zygomatic arch is formed by the junction of which two bones?

Answer: Temporal and zygomatic bones

The zygomatic arch is formed by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone meeting the temporal process of the zygomatic bone.