DAANCE Basic Sciences and Anatomy 3

Question 1

Which neurotransmitter is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Answer

GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS. Most sedatives and anxiolytics (benzodiazepines, barbiturates, propofol) act by potentiating GABA-A receptor activity.

Question 2

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) affects drug distribution because:

Accepted Answer

Lipid-soluble drugs cross it more easily than water-soluble drugs

Answer

The BBB consists of tight junctions between cerebral capillary endothelial cells. Lipid-soluble, unionized, protein-unbound drugs traverse it most readily.

Question 3

The autonomic nervous system parasympathetic response is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Rest-and-digest, slowing heart rate and increasing gastrointestinal activity

Answer

Parasympathetic activation (via acetylcholine/muscarinic receptors) decreases heart rate, increases GI motility, promotes salivation, and conserves energy.

Question 4

The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block targets the nerve before it enters the:

Accepted Answer

Mandibular foramen

Answer

The IAN block is deposited near the mandibular foramen on the medial surface of the ramus, where the nerve enters the mandibular canal.

Question 5

During rapid IV administration of lidocaine, which central nervous system toxic effect appears first?

Accepted Answer

Circumoral numbness and tinnitus (early warning signs)

Answer

Local anesthetic toxicity follows a progression: early CNS excitatory signs (tinnitus, metallic taste, circumoral numbness) precede seizures, then CNS depression and cardiovascular collapse.

DAANCE - Dental Anesthesia Assistant National Certification Examination Practice Test

DAANCE - Dental Anesthesia Assistant National Certification Examination Practice Test

DAANCE Basic Sciences and Anatomy 3