CWS Cheat Sheet 2026

The 30 highest-yield CWS facts, distilled from real exam questions. Print it, save it as a PDF, or study it here — free, no sign-up.

1. A wireless bridge link requires covering 3 miles between two buildings. Which antenna type is most appropriate? → High-gain directional antenna
2. A wound demonstrates 20% reduction in area after 4 weeks of standard care. According to evidence-based benchmarks, this indicates: → Inadequate progress — the 4-week benchmark is at least 40% reduction
3. A venous leg ulcer patient refuses compression therapy. The MOST appropriate next step is to: → Explore barriers and provide education on its critical role
4. An 802.11 client in power-save mode relies on which beacon-carried information to know when buffered frames await pickup? → TIM (Traffic Indication Map)
5. Which factor should be gathered from stakeholders FIRST when defining organizational WLAN goals? → Types of applications and devices that will use the WLAN
6. Which of the following BEST defines the organizational goal of 'coverage' in a WLAN design? → Providing a minimum signal strength level throughout all required physical areas.
7. A wound measuring 6 cm × 4 cm last week now measures 4 cm × 3 cm. What percentage of wound area reduction occurred? → 50%
8. What frequency band does 802.11ad (WiGig) operate in? → 60 GHz
9. Which feature of WPA3-Personal provides protection even if the Wi-Fi password is later compromised? → Forward secrecy through SAE
10. When a client uses OKC (Opportunistic Key Caching), what is being reused during a roam? → The PMK cached from a previous association to speed up re-authentication
11. An organization wants to allow guest Wi-Fi access without exposing internal resources. Which architecture best achieves this? → Separate guest SSID mapped to an isolated VLAN with firewall rules
12. A patient with a stage 3 pressure injury has a wound measuring 4 cm × 3 cm × 1.5 cm deep with moderate exudate. Which dressing is MOST appropriate? → Alginate dressing
13. What is the key characteristic that distinguishes a BSS from an IBSS? → BSS uses an AP as the central coordinator; IBSS has no AP
14. What is the role of the Distribution System (DS) in 802.11 architecture? → Interconnects multiple BSSs to form an Extended Service Set (ESS)
15. A patient's pressure injury presents as intact skin with non-blanchable erythema. This is classified as which stage? → Stage 1
16. What is the fundamental channel access method that is a mandatory part of the 802.11 standard, based on the principle of "listen before you talk"? → Distributed Coordination Function (DCF)
17. A patient develops wound dehiscence 8 days post-abdominal surgery. Which factor most likely contributed? → Wound infection with bacterial burden >10^5 CFU/g
18. What does the term 'noise floor' represent in an RF system? → The minimum detectable signal level limited by thermal noise and receiver sensitivity
19. Which frame type does a client use to actively discover SSIDs by broadcasting a request? → Probe request
20. What is the maximum output power allowed by the FCC for 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi devices in the United States? → 100 mW (20 dBm)
21. During the process of connecting to a Wi-Fi network, what is the first type of active frame a client device typically sends to discover available access points? → Probe Request
22. Which of the following are pressure ulcer risk factors? → All of the above
23. What is a TXOP (Transmission Opportunity) in 802.11 QoS? → A bounded time interval during which a station may send multiple frames
24. What does the term 'sticky client' refer to in a WLAN environment? → A client that refuses to roam away from a weak AP signal
25. A client connected at 802.11n HT40 on 2.4 GHz is experiencing frequent retransmissions. What is the most likely root cause? → HT40 on 2.4 GHz overlaps with adjacent-channel BSSs causing heavy co-channel interference
26. A technician is deploying a new Wi-Fi 6 access point that requires 22 watts of power. Which IEEE PoE standard is the minimum requirement to power this device? → 802.3at (PoE+)
27. Which antenna design is typically used in enterprise ceiling-mount access points to provide 360-degree coverage in an open office? → Omni-directional ceiling antenna
28. What does the term 'sticky client' describe in a Wi-Fi environment? → A client that remains associated to a far or weak AP instead of roaming to a closer one
29. Which moist wound healing principle does a hydrogel dressing PRIMARILY provide? → Donation of moisture to dry wounds
30. Which modulation scheme achieves the highest data rates in 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6)? → 1024-QAM