CWNA Regulatory Frameworks & Compliance 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which FCC rule part specifically governs unlicensed intentional radiators operating in the ISM bands?
- Part 15 (Correct answer)
- Part 22
- Part 90
- Part 97
Correct answer: Part 15
FCC Part 15 covers unlicensed intentional radiators, including Wi-Fi devices operating in ISM bands.
Question 2: What is the maximum EIRP allowed for point-to-point 5 GHz UNII-1 outdoor links when using a directional antenna?
- 1 W (30 dBm) (Correct answer)
- 200 mW (23 dBm)
- 4 W (36 dBm)
- No limit with directional antenna
Correct answer: 1 W (30 dBm)
UNII-1 (5.15–5.25 GHz) is restricted to indoor use with a maximum of 50 mW EIRP unless a waiver is granted; point-to-point outdoor use requires UNII-3.
Question 3: In the EU, which regulatory body sets the framework that member states must implement for radio equipment?
- ETSI (Correct answer)
- OFCOM
- Bundesnetzagentur
- ITU-R
Correct answer: ETSI
ETSI produces the harmonized standards that give legal presumption of conformity under the EU Radio Equipment Directive (RED).
Question 4: A CWNA candidate is deploying a 2.4 GHz system in Canada. Which body's standards must the equipment comply with?
- Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED) (Correct answer)
- FCC
- OFCOM
- CEPT
Correct answer: Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED)
ISED Canada (formerly Industry Canada) is the national authority that certifies radio equipment and sets spectrum rules in Canada.
Question 5: What does the term 'spurious emissions' refer to in FCC regulations?
- Emissions at frequencies outside the necessary bandwidth that are not harmonics (Correct answer)
- Intentional out-of-band transmissions for testing
- Emissions caused by antenna reflections
- Emissions within the assigned channel only
Correct answer: Emissions at frequencies outside the necessary bandwidth that are not harmonics
Spurious emissions are unintended transmissions at frequencies other than the carrier and its harmonics, regulated to prevent interference.
Question 6: Which UNII band was opened by the FCC in 2020 to provide an additional 1,200 MHz of unlicensed spectrum?
- UNII-5 through UNII-8 (6 GHz) (Correct answer)
- UNII-4 (5.85–5.925 GHz)
- UNII-2C extended (5.47–5.725 GHz)
- UNII-3 extended (5.8–6.0 GHz)
Correct answer: UNII-5 through UNII-8 (6 GHz)
The FCC's 2020 Report and Order opened the entire 6 GHz band (5.925–7.125 GHz), divided into UNII-5 through UNII-8, for unlicensed use.
Question 7: What is the primary purpose of DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) as required by FCC rules?
- Avoid interference with radar systems by detecting and vacating radar frequencies (Correct answer)
- Increase throughput by dynamically selecting the least congested channel
- Balance load across multiple access points automatically
- Comply with transmit power limits by reducing power on busy channels
Correct answer: Avoid interference with radar systems by detecting and vacating radar frequencies
DFS is mandatory in UNII-2 and UNII-2C to detect active radar and move to a clear channel within 10 seconds.
CWNA Regulatory Frameworks & Compliance 2
Which FCC rule part specifically governs unlicensed intentional radiators operating in the ISM bands?