CTRS CTRS Foundational Concepts & Theory 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which theoretical model frames therapeutic recreation as a continuum from treatment to leisure lifestyle?
- Health Protection/Health Promotion Model
- Leisure Ability Model (Correct answer)
- Self-Determination Theory
- ICF Framework
Correct answer: Leisure Ability Model
The Leisure Ability Model, developed by Peterson and Stumbo, positions TR on a continuum from functional intervention through leisure education to recreation participation.
Question 2: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is used in TR to describe:
- Billing codes for insurance
- Functional health and disability across body, activity, and participation domains (Correct answer)
- Standardized assessment scoring
- Medication management protocols
Correct answer: Functional health and disability across body, activity, and participation domains
The ICF provides a universal framework describing health and disability at body, individual, and societal levels, directly informing TR goal-setting.
Question 3: Self-determination theory (SDT) is relevant to TR primarily because it emphasizes:
- External reward systems
- Autonomy, competence, and relatedness as drivers of intrinsic motivation (Correct answer)
- Behaviorist reinforcement schedules
- Medical compliance monitoring
Correct answer: Autonomy, competence, and relatedness as drivers of intrinsic motivation
SDT's three basic psychological needs—autonomy, competence, and relatedness—underpin TR's focus on intrinsic motivation and client-centered leisure engagement.
Question 4: Which philosopher's work most directly supports the concept of leisure as a state of mind in TR theory?
- Aristotle
- Sebastian de Grazia
- Josef Pieper (Correct answer)
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Correct answer: Josef Pieper
Josef Pieper's 'Leisure: The Basis of Culture' argues leisure is a mental and spiritual attitude, not mere free time, a view widely cited in TR foundational texts.
Question 5: The Optimizing Lifelong Health through Therapeutic Recreation (OLH-TR) model focuses on:
- Insurance billing optimization
- Balancing stability, actualization, and prevention across the lifespan (Correct answer)
- Quantitative outcome measurement only
- Diagnostic grouping of clients
Correct answer: Balancing stability, actualization, and prevention across the lifespan
The OLH-TR model by Wilhite and Keller emphasizes maintaining and enhancing health through stability, actualization, and preventive engagement over the lifespan.
Question 6: The concept of 'flow,' frequently applied in TR practice, was developed by:
- Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (Correct answer)
- Abraham Maslow
- Erik Erikson
- Carl Rogers
Correct answer: Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
Csikszentmihalyi defined 'flow' as optimal experience when challenge and skill are balanced, a state TR practitioners intentionally create through activity design.
CTRS CTRS Foundational Concepts & Theory 1
Which theoretical model frames therapeutic recreation as a continuum from treatment to leisure lifestyle?