CTO Lower Extremity Orthotics Flashcards

What does valgus correction in a knee orthosis refer to?

Answer: Applying a three-point pressure system to shift load from the medial to the lateral knee compartment

Valgus correction in a knee orthosis applies a three-point pressure system that shifts the mechanical axis laterally, offloading the medial knee compartment.

What is the role of a patellar tendon-bearing (PTB) brace in lower extremity orthotics?

Answer: Reduce weight-bearing load through the distal tibia and ankle by transferring force through the patellar tendon region

A PTB brace offloads the distal tibia, ankle, or foot by transferring compressive forces through the proximal tibia via the patellar tendon, reducing distal joint stress.

Which foot orthosis posting technique corrects rearfoot varus?

Answer: Lateral rearfoot post

A lateral rearfoot post elevates the lateral aspect of the heel to correct rearfoot varus by bringing the heel closer to a neutral vertical alignment.

What is the primary biomechanical goal when fitting an AFO to a patient with spastic equinovarus foot?

Answer: Maintain the foot and ankle in a neutral or slight dorsiflexion position to enable safe heel-to-toe gait

For spastic equinovarus, the AFO must maintain the foot in neutral or slight dorsiflexion and prevent inversion to allow safe heel contact and progression through stance.

What is the purpose of a metatarsal bar on the sole of a therapeutic shoe or orthosis?

Answer: Transfer weight-bearing load from the metatarsal heads to the metatarsal shafts

A metatarsal bar is placed proximal to the metatarsal heads to transfer weight-bearing load to the metatarsal shafts, relieving pressure from painful metatarsal heads.

Which material property is most important when selecting a thermoplastic for a dynamic AFO that must store and return energy?

Answer: Flexibility and elastic memory to function as a spring

For a dynamic (energy-storing) AFO, the thermoplastic must have sufficient flexibility and elastic memory to deform under load and spring back to assist foot clearance.