CST Anatomy & Physiology for Surgery 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which layer of the abdominal wall is the deepest fascia layer directly overlying the peritoneum?
- Scarpa's fascia
- Camper's fascia
- Transversalis fascia (Correct answer)
- External oblique aponeurosis
Correct answer: Transversalis fascia
Transversalis fascia lies directly beneath the transversus abdominis muscle and just superficial to the peritoneum.
Question 2: The common bile duct passes through which structure before entering the duodenum?
- Head of the pancreas (Correct answer)
- Body of the pancreas
- Hepatoduodenal ligament
- Falciform ligament
Correct answer: Head of the pancreas
The common bile duct travels through the head of the pancreas before joining the main pancreatic duct and emptying into the duodenum at the ampulla of Vater.
Question 3: Which nerve is at greatest risk during a thyroidectomy and can result in hoarseness if damaged?
- Superior laryngeal nerve
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve (Correct answer)
- Hypoglossal nerve
- Glossopharyngeal nerve
Correct answer: Recurrent laryngeal nerve
The recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates all intrinsic laryngeal muscles except the cricothyroid; injury causes hoarseness or voice loss.
Question 4: What is the primary function of surfactant produced by Type II pneumocytes?
- Transport oxygen across the alveolar membrane
- Reduce surface tension in the alveoli (Correct answer)
- Filter inhaled particles
- Produce immunoglobulins
Correct answer: Reduce surface tension in the alveoli
Surfactant reduces alveolar surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse (atelectasis) at the end of expiration.
Question 5: The saphenous vein is commonly harvested for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Where does the great saphenous vein originate?
- Popliteal fossa
- Dorsal venous arch of the foot (Correct answer)
- Femoral triangle
- Medial malleolus
Correct answer: Dorsal venous arch of the foot
The great saphenous vein arises from the medial end of the dorsal venous arch of the foot and ascends along the medial aspect of the leg.
Question 6: Which structure of the knee joint is most commonly injured in a 'terrible triad' sports injury?
- Posterior cruciate ligament, medial meniscus, and fibular collateral ligament
- Anterior cruciate ligament, medial meniscus, and medial collateral ligament (Correct answer)
- Anterior cruciate ligament, lateral meniscus, and lateral collateral ligament
- Posterior cruciate ligament, lateral meniscus, and medial collateral ligament
Correct answer: Anterior cruciate ligament, medial meniscus, and medial collateral ligament
The 'terrible triad' (O'Donoghue triad) involves injury to the ACL, medial collateral ligament, and medial meniscus.
Question 7: During a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the cystic artery most commonly arises from which vessel?
- Left hepatic artery
- Right hepatic artery (Correct answer)
- Gastroduodenal artery
- Superior mesenteric artery
Correct answer: Right hepatic artery
The cystic artery typically originates from the right hepatic artery within the triangle of Calot.
CST Anatomy & Physiology for Surgery 2
Which layer of the abdominal wall is the deepest fascia layer directly overlying the peritoneum?