Field Procedures & Data Collection Flashcards

What is the first step before starting any field survey procedure?

Answer: Review the project scope and equipment

Before commencing any field survey, it's crucial to thoroughly understand the project's objectives, specifications, and required deliverables. This review ensures that the correct equipment is selected, calibrated, and prepared for the specific tasks. Proper planning prevents errors, saves time, and ensures the survey meets all client requirements.

Why is it important to record environmental conditions during data collection?

Answer: They impact measurement accuracy

Environmental conditions such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, and humidity can significantly affect the accuracy of survey measurements, especially when using electronic distance measurement (EDM) instruments. Recording these conditions allows for appropriate corrections to be applied to the raw data. This ensures the final survey results are precise and reliable.

Which tool is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles in surveying?

Answer: Total station

A total station is an electronic/optical instrument used for angle measurements (horizontal and vertical) and distance measurements. It combines a theodolite for angles with an electronic distance meter (EDM). This versatile tool is fundamental in modern surveying for precise data collection.

What is a benchmark in surveying?

Answer: A fixed point of known elevation

A benchmark is a permanent, identifiable point on the ground or a structure whose elevation above or below a specific datum (like sea level) has been precisely determined. Surveyors use benchmarks as reference points for establishing elevations for other features. They are crucial for vertical control in surveying projects.

Why must survey data be verified in the field?

Answer: To correct on-site errors immediately

Verifying survey data in the field allows surveyors to identify and correct any measurement errors or discrepancies while still on site. This immediate correction prevents the propagation of errors into subsequent measurements and avoids costly return trips to the field. It ensures the accuracy and reliability of the collected data.

How should survey notes be recorded in the field?

Answer: In a bound field book

Survey notes must be recorded systematically and permanently in a bound field book. This practice ensures that notes are organized, protected from loss, and legally defensible. A bound book prevents pages from being removed or altered, maintaining the integrity and chronological order of the survey record.

Which of the following describes a closed traverse?

Answer: A route that ends where it began

A closed traverse is a series of connected survey lines that form a closed loop, meaning the starting point and ending point are the same. This configuration allows surveyors to check for angular and linear measurement errors by comparing the closing measurements to the starting ones. It provides a robust method for ensuring accuracy.

What is the purpose of a backsight reading in surveying?

Answer: To establish instrument height

A backsight reading is taken on a point of known elevation to determine the height of the instrument (HI) above the datum. Once the HI is established, all subsequent foresight readings can be used to calculate the elevations of new points. This is a fundamental step in leveling procedures to ensure accurate vertical measurements.

What is the significance of GPS in modern field data collection?

Answer: It provides precise location data

GPS (Global Positioning System) revolutionized surveying by providing highly accurate and precise three-dimensional coordinates (latitude, longitude, and elevation) for points on the Earth's surface. This capability significantly speeds up data collection, reduces labor, and enhances the overall accuracy and efficiency of field surveys.