CSP Health Sociology & Well-being

Question 1

The social determinants of health framework primarily argues that health outcomes are most strongly shaped by:

Accepted Answer

Social, economic, and environmental conditions in which people live

Answer

Genetic predispositions and hereditary factors

Answer

Individual lifestyle choices and personal behaviors

Answer

Access to advanced medical technology

Question 2

Talcott Parsons' concept of the 'sick role' specifies that ill individuals are expected to:

Accepted Answer

Be exempt from normal duties while seeking competent medical help

Answer

Seek multiple medical opinions before accepting treatment

Answer

Adopt deviant behavior patterns that justify their condition

Answer

Self-diagnose and self-treat minor illnesses independently

Question 3

Michael Marmot's Whitehall studies demonstrated that among British civil servants, mortality rates were:

Accepted Answer

Inversely related to occupational grade, with lower grades having higher mortality

Answer

Uniform across all occupational grades

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Higher among the most senior officials due to work stress

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Primarily determined by smoking rates within each grade

Question 4

Medicalization, as defined in health sociology, refers to the process by which:

Accepted Answer

Non-medical problems are redefined and treated as medical conditions

Answer

Medical care becomes universally accessible to all social groups

Answer

Patients take greater control over their own treatment decisions

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Public health campaigns promote preventive health behaviors

Question 5

The concept of 'fundamental causes' of disease, developed by Link and Phelan, emphasizes that socioeconomic status remains a persistent cause of health disparities because:

Accepted Answer

Higher-status groups can always access whatever resources protect health, even as those resources change over time

Answer

Wealthier individuals have superior genes

Answer

Medical technology disproportionately benefits lower-income populations

Answer

Education directly affects immune system function

Question 6

Social capital in the context of health sociology most directly refers to:

Accepted Answer

The networks, norms, and trust that facilitate collective action and resource sharing

Answer

Financial assets invested in the healthcare industry

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Individual educational credentials that improve health literacy

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Capital funding allocated to public hospitals by government

Question 7

The biopsychosocial model of health, contrasted with the biomedical model, proposes that illness should be understood as:

Accepted Answer

An interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors

Answer

Purely a biological malfunction requiring pharmacological intervention

Answer

A spiritual or moral failing that requires behavioral correction

Answer

A product of rational choice and individual risk assessment