Research Methods & Data Analysis Flashcards

The Hawthorne effect refers to:

Answer: Participants performing better due to observation awareness

The Hawthorne effect occurs when participants change their behavior because they know they are being observed.

A chi-square test of independence is appropriate when:

Answer: Both variables are categorical

Chi-square tests of independence assess whether two categorical variables are related in the population.

Grounded theory differs from other qualitative approaches because it:

Answer: Generates theory inductively from data

Grounded theory builds theoretical explanations inductively through systematic data collection and constant comparison.

When a study measures what it claims to measure, it demonstrates:

Answer: Validity

Validity refers to the degree to which a measurement instrument actually measures the intended concept.

Proportionate stratified sampling ensures that:

Answer: Each stratum is represented in proportion to its size in the population

Proportionate stratified sampling draws the same percentage from each stratum as that stratum represents in the population.

Which research design is best suited to establishing temporal order between variables?

Answer: Longitudinal panel study

Longitudinal panel studies measure the same respondents at multiple time points, allowing researchers to establish which variable changed first.

Cronbach's alpha is used to assess:

Answer: Internal consistency reliability

Cronbach's alpha measures the degree to which multiple items in a scale consistently reflect the same underlying construct.