Certified ScrumMaster (CSM) Exam — Questions and Answers

Question 1: Can the Sprint Goal be changed once a Sprint has started?

No, the Sprint Goal should not be changed during the Sprint (Correct answer)
Yes, the Product Owner can update it at any time
Yes, but only with Scrum Master approval
Yes, if the team votes to change it

Correct answer: No, the Sprint Goal should not be changed during the Sprint

The Sprint Goal is a commitment that should not change during the Sprint; it provides the stability the Developers need to focus.

Question 2: What is cycle time in agile metrics?

The average velocity across multiple Sprints
The time from when work starts on an item to when it is delivered (Correct answer)
The time between Sprint Planning and the Sprint Review
The total duration of a Sprint

Correct answer: The time from when work starts on an item to when it is delivered

Cycle time measures how long it takes to complete a work item from the moment work begins on it until it is delivered, indicating team flow efficiency.

Question 3: A new Scrum Team has been formed. The team members are unsure about the purpose of the Daily Scrum and their discussions are often unfocused. What is the Scrum Master's primary responsibility in this scenario?

To facilitate the Daily Scrum and ensure it is kept within the 15-minute timebox. (Correct answer)
To create the agenda for the Daily Scrum and assign speaking times to each Developer.
To report the team's lack of focus to senior management.
To cancel the Daily Scrum until the team receives more training.

Correct answer: To facilitate the Daily Scrum and ensure it is kept within the 15-minute timebox.

One of the Scrum Master's services to the Scrum Team is 'Ensuring that all Scrum events take place and are positive, productive, and kept within the timebox.' For a new team, this often involves active facilitation and coaching to help them understand the purpose of the event—to inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal and adapt the upcoming day's plan.

Question 4: In Scrum, 'Transparency' requires that:

The ScrumMaster reports all team conversations to organizational management
All project documentation is publicly available on the internet
Significant aspects of the process are visible to those responsible for outcomes (Correct answer)
Teams share all source code in open-source repositories

Correct answer: Significant aspects of the process are visible to those responsible for outcomes

Transparency means the important aspects of the Scrum process are visible to everyone responsible for outcomes, enabling proper Inspection.

Question 5: Who is required to attend the Daily Scrum?

The Developers and the Scrum Master
Only the Developers (Correct answer)
The entire Scrum Team including the Product Owner
The Scrum Master and Product Owner only

Correct answer: Only the Developers

The Daily Scrum is an event for the Developers; the Scrum Master and Product Owner are not required to attend unless they are also doing development work.

Question 6: What is the Sprint Goal?

The list of all tasks in the Sprint Backlog
A single objective that provides focus and flexibility for the Sprint (Correct answer)
The number of story points the team commits to completing
The acceptance criteria for all user stories

Correct answer: A single objective that provides focus and flexibility for the Sprint

The Sprint Goal is a single objective for the Sprint that gives the Developers focus and flexibility in how they achieve it.

Question 7: A Product Owner is having difficulty communicating the Product Goal and ordering the Product Backlog items to maximize value. How can the Scrum Master best serve the Product Owner in this situation?

Take over the management of the Product Backlog to ensure it is done correctly.
Escalate the Product Owner's performance issues to their line manager.
Instruct the Developers to work directly with stakeholders to determine priorities.
Help find techniques for effective Product Goal definition and Product Backlog management. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Help find techniques for effective Product Goal definition and Product Backlog management.

The Scrum Guide explicitly states that the Scrum Master serves the Product Owner by helping find techniques for effective Product Goal definition and Product Backlog management. The Scrum Master acts as a coach and facilitator, empowering the Product Owner rather than taking over their accountabilities.

Question 8: Product Backlog refinement is an ongoing activity. What is its primary goal?

To provide performance reviews for the Developers based on completed items.
To get Product Backlog Items into a 'ready' state for future Sprints. (Correct answer)
To replace the need for a Sprint Planning event.
To finalize the Sprint Backlog for the next three Sprints.

Correct answer: To get Product Backlog Items into a 'ready' state for future Sprints.

The purpose of Product Backlog refinement is to add details, estimates, and order to items. It's the act of breaking down and further defining Product Backlog items into smaller, more precise items so that they are 'ready' for selection in a future Sprint Planning event.

Question 9: What is the principal responsibility of the Product Owner role?

Ensuring we maximize the value of the product/work the team does (Correct answer)
Making sure stakeholders are satisfied
Spending time managing the Sprint Backlog
Working daily with the team doing the work

Correct answer: Ensuring we maximize the value of the product/work the team does

Explanation: <br> The principal responsibility of the Product Owner role is to maximize the value of the product by managing the Product Backlog, and prioritizing items based on stakeholder needs, market trends, and business objectives. The Product Owner ensures that the team focuses on delivering the most valuable features and functionalities to the stakeholders and customers.

Question 10: Who has the final say on the order of the Product Backlog?

The stakeholders
The Scrum Master
The Developers
The Product Owner (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The Product Owner

According to the Scrum Guide, the Product Owner is the sole person responsible for managing the Product Backlog, which includes ordering the items to best achieve goals and missions. While they may be influenced by stakeholders and the Developers, the ultimate accountability for the order rests with the Product Owner.

Question 11: A Scrum Master observes that the Developers are consistently struggling to meet their Sprint Goals. Upon investigation, they find that the team is frequently interrupted by requests from stakeholders for new features. Which of the following is the MOST effective action for the Scrum Master to take?

Remove the stakeholders' access to the Developers during the Sprint.
Tell the Developers to work longer hours to accommodate the stakeholder requests.
Coach the Product Owner on techniques for stakeholder management and Product Backlog prioritization. (Correct answer)
Cancel the Sprint and start a new one that includes the stakeholders' requests.

Correct answer: Coach the Product Owner on techniques for stakeholder management and Product Backlog prioritization.

The Scrum Master serves the Product Owner by facilitating stakeholder collaboration as needed and serves the organization by removing barriers between stakeholders and Scrum Teams. A key part of this is coaching the Product Owner on how to manage stakeholder expectations and effectively order the Product Backlog to maximize value, ensuring that the Scrum Team can focus on the Sprint Goal without disruptive interruptions. The other options are counterproductive to Scrum principles.

Question 12: How often should inspection occur in Scrum?

Once per project
Frequently throughout the Sprint (Correct answer)
Only at the end
During release only

Correct answer: Frequently throughout the Sprint

Inspection in Scrum involves regularly checking the progress towards the Sprint Goal and the overall Product Goal to detect undesirable variances. This occurs frequently throughout the Sprint, notably during the Daily Scrum, Sprint Review, and Sprint Retrospective. Frequent inspection allows for timely adaptation, preventing deviations from becoming significant problems.

Question 13: In Scrum, empiricism is built on three pillars. Which set correctly identifies them?

Planning, Execution, Review
Commitment, Collaboration, Communication
Vision, Iteration, Delivery
Transparency, Inspection, Adaptation (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Transparency, Inspection, Adaptation

Scrum's empirical process control rests on the three pillars of Transparency, Inspection, and Adaptation.

Question 14: What is one key responsibility of the Scrum Master?

Write user stories
Prioritize backlog items
Remove team impediments (Correct answer)
Assign tasks to developers

Correct answer: Remove team impediments

The Scrum Master is a servant-leader responsible for coaching the Development Team and Product Owner. A key duty is to identify and remove obstacles or impediments that hinder the team's progress, ensuring they can focus on delivering the Sprint Goal. This role helps optimize the flow of work and maximize the team's productivity by addressing issues proactively.

Question 15: What does a Sprint burndown chart track?

The number of team members available each day
The remaining work in the Sprint Backlog over time (Correct answer)
The Product Owner's backlog refinement progress
Cumulative features released to customers

Correct answer: The remaining work in the Sprint Backlog over time

A Sprint burndown chart visualizes the amount of remaining Sprint Backlog work over time, helping the team see whether they are on track to meet the Sprint Goal.

Question 16: What is the purpose of adaptation in Scrum?

Prevent change
Avoid feedback
Modify plans based on feedback (Correct answer)
Stick to original plans

Correct answer: Modify plans based on feedback

Adaptation is one of the three pillars of Scrum, alongside transparency and inspection. Its purpose is to adjust the process or the product based on the insights gained from inspection and feedback. By continuously modifying plans and approaches in response to new information, Scrum teams can optimize their work and deliver the most valuable outcomes.

Question 17: What is a benefit of a cross-functional team?

Need external resources
Deliver independently (Correct answer)
Perform limited functions
Rely on upper management

Correct answer: Deliver independently

A cross-functional team possesses all the necessary skills within itself to create a Product Increment without relying on external teams or individuals. This enables them to deliver value independently and efficiently, reducing dependencies and potential delays. The diverse skill set within the team allows for greater flexibility and problem-solving capabilities, leading to more effective product development.

Question 18: Which of the following BEST describes the Product Backlog?

A static, comprehensive list of all requirements for the product, finalized before the first Sprint.
A list of technical tasks and architectural improvements managed by the Developers.
The single source of work undertaken by the Scrum Team, which is emergent and ordered. (Correct answer)
A plan for a single Sprint, containing all the tasks for the Developers.

Correct answer: The single source of work undertaken by the Scrum Team, which is emergent and ordered.

The Product Backlog is an emergent, ordered list of what is needed to improve the product. It is the single source of all work performed by the Scrum Team. It is never complete and evolves as the product and its environment evolve.

Question 19: The Scrum Master Role is:

That of a coach, teacher, counselor, and facilitator
All of the above (Correct answer)
The person who causes the removal of impediments
Serves others

Correct answer: All of the above

Explanation: <br> The Scrum Master role encompasses serving others, acting as a coach, teacher, counselor, and facilitator, as well as being responsible for removing impediments that hinder the progress of the Scrum Team. This multifaceted role is crucial for supporting the team and facilitating the effective implementation of Scrum principles and practices.

Question 20: What is the recommended Sprint length according to the Scrum Guide?

Exactly two weeks
One month or less (Correct answer)
Determined by the Product Owner each quarter
Between one and six weeks

Correct answer: One month or less

Sprints are one month or less in duration; shorter Sprints reduce risk by generating feedback and enabling adaptation more frequently.

Question 21: A Product Owner is struggling to keep the Product Backlog organized due to a high volume of stakeholder requests. What is a valid action for the Product Owner to take?

Instruct the Scrum Master to prioritize the backlog based on stakeholder demands.
Transfer ownership of the Product Backlog to a business analyst committee.
Delegate the responsibility of creating and communicating Product Backlog Items to the Developers, while remaining accountable. (Correct answer)
Only allow the lead Developer to add new items to the Product Backlog.

Correct answer: Delegate the responsibility of creating and communicating Product Backlog Items to the Developers, while remaining accountable.

The Scrum Guide states that the Product Owner is accountable for effective Product Backlog management. However, they 'may do the above work or may delegate the responsibility to others.' The key is that the Product Owner remains accountable. Delegating the creation of items to Developers is a valid way to manage the workload.

Question 22: A cumulative flow diagram (CFD) is most useful for:

Planning the Sprint Review agenda
Comparing velocity between multiple Scrum Teams
Visualizing workflow stability and identifying bottlenecks across Scrum stages (Correct answer)
Tracking individual Developer story point contributions

Correct answer: Visualizing workflow stability and identifying bottlenecks across Scrum stages

A CFD shows the quantity of work in each stage over time, revealing bottlenecks, scope changes, and flow issues across the development process.

Question 23: What is the primary purpose of the Sprint Retrospective?

To plan the work for the upcoming Sprint.
To inspect how the last Sprint went and create a plan for improvements. (Correct answer)
To demonstrate the Increment to stakeholders and get feedback.
To synchronize activities and create a plan for the next 24 hours.

Correct answer: To inspect how the last Sprint went and create a plan for improvements.

The Sprint Retrospective is a formal opportunity for the Scrum Team to inspect itself and create a plan for improvements to be enacted during the next Sprint. It focuses on the team's processes, interactions, and tools, rather than the product itself.

Question 24: Who should attend the Sprint Retrospective?

Only the Scrum Master
The entire Scrum Team and key stakeholders
The entire Scrum Team (Correct answer)
The Developers and Scrum Master only

Correct answer: The entire Scrum Team

The entire Scrum Team—Scrum Master, Product Owner, and Developers—attends the Sprint Retrospective to collaboratively inspect and improve their process.

Question 25: What does 'self-organizing' mean for a Scrum Development Team?

The team elects a leader each Sprint to make all technical decisions
Each team member manages their own backlog items and priorities
Team members choose their own hours and work independently without coordination
The team decides internally how best to accomplish their Sprint Goal (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The team decides internally how best to accomplish their Sprint Goal

A self-organizing team decides internally how best to accomplish their work without being directed by those outside the team.

Question 26: Who is ultimately responsible for the self-organization of the Development Team?

The organization's management and leadership
The Product Owner, who provides direction and vision
The Development Team itself (Correct answer)
The ScrumMaster, who guides and coaches the team

Correct answer: The Development Team itself

The Development Team is self-organizing and decides internally how to accomplish Sprint Backlog items without external direction.

Question 27: A Scrum Team is conducting a Sprint Review at the end of their one-month Sprint. According to the Scrum Guide, what is the maximum timebox for this event?

3 hours
15 minutes
4 hours (Correct answer)
8 hours

Correct answer: 4 hours

The Sprint Review has a maximum timebox of four hours for a one-month Sprint. For shorter Sprints, the event is usually shorter. This allows enough time to inspect the Increment and adapt the Product Backlog without being excessively long.

Question 28: Which of the following BEST describes the Scrum Master's accountability regarding impediments?

Maintaining a log of all impediments and presenting it to management at the end of the project.
Only removing impediments that are explicitly identified during the Sprint Retrospective.
Personally resolving every impediment the Developers encounter to maximize their productivity.
Causing the removal of impediments to the Scrum Team's progress. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Causing the removal of impediments to the Scrum Team's progress.

The Scrum Guide states that the Scrum Master is accountable for 'Causing the removal of impediments to the Scrum Team's progress.' This doesn't mean they must personally fix every issue, but rather ensure they are addressed, often by coaching the team to resolve them or by working with the wider organization on systemic issues. Impediments should be addressed as they arise, not just during a retrospective.

Question 29: Which scenario best illustrates the Scrum value of Courage?

A developer agrees to add a feature even though the Sprint backlog is already full
The ScrumMaster cancels the Retrospective to save time during a busy Sprint
A team member voices concerns about a technical approach that could cause serious problems (Correct answer)
The Product Owner prioritizes backlog items solely based on stakeholder preferences

Correct answer: A team member voices concerns about a technical approach that could cause serious problems

Courage means speaking up about problems or difficult truths, even when doing so is uncomfortable or creates tension.

Question 30: A Development Team is arguing about who should be assigned to each task. What should the ScrumMaster do?

Coach the team on self-organization and allow them to decide (Correct answer)
Assign tasks to team members based on their individual skill sets
Ask the Product Owner to clarify which tasks are highest priority
Escalate the conflict to management for resolution

Correct answer: Coach the team on self-organization and allow them to decide

The ScrumMaster coaches the team toward self-organization rather than imposing structure or bypassing the team's autonomy.

Question 31: Who manages the Product Backlog in Scrum?

Scrum Team
Scrum Master
Project Manager
Product Owner (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Product Owner

The Product Owner is solely accountable for managing the Product Backlog, which includes its content, ordering, and availability. They are responsible for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the Development Team. This involves clearly expressing Product Backlog items, ordering them to best achieve goals, and ensuring the backlog is transparent and understood by all stakeholders.

Question 32: During the Daily Scrum, which of the following is the primary focus for the Developers?

Inspecting progress toward the Sprint Goal and creating an actionable plan for the next day. (Correct answer)
Providing a detailed status report to the Scrum Master and Product Owner.
Solving complex technical problems and architectural challenges.
Refining Product Backlog items for future Sprints.

Correct answer: Inspecting progress toward the Sprint Goal and creating an actionable plan for the next day.

The purpose of the Daily Scrum is for the Developers to inspect their progress toward the Sprint Goal and adapt the Sprint Backlog as necessary. It is a 15-minute event for planning the next 24 hours of work, not a status meeting or a problem-solving session.

Question 33: Which Scrum value is best demonstrated when the Development Team dedicates itself to achieving the Sprint Goal and supporting each other?

Respect
Openness
Commitment (Correct answer)
Focus

Correct answer: Commitment

Commitment means the Scrum Team dedicates itself to its goals and supports one another to achieve them.

Question 34: When a team member honors the Product Owner's authority over backlog prioritization even when they personally disagree, they are demonstrating which Scrum value?

Focus
Respect (Correct answer)
Courage
Openness

Correct answer: Respect

Respect means trusting and valuing each Scrum Team member's role and authority, including the Product Owner's right to prioritize.

Question 35: Why is focus important in Scrum?

To minimize testing
To stay aligned on Sprint Goals (Correct answer)
To satisfy external requests
To multitask efficiently

Correct answer: To stay aligned on Sprint Goals

Focus is one of the five Scrum Values, emphasizing that everyone concentrates on the work of the Sprint and the Sprint Goal. By dedicating attention to a limited set of high-priority items, the team can avoid distractions and deliver a high-quality Increment. This dedicated focus helps the team achieve the Sprint Goal efficiently and effectively.

Question 36: In Scrum, who works to remove barriers between Stakeholders and Scrum Teams?

The Scrum Team
The Scrum Master (Correct answer)
The Senior Developer
The Stakeholder sponsoring the project

Correct answer: The Scrum Master

Explanation: <br> The Scrum Master is responsible for removing barriers between stakeholders and the Scrum Team. This includes facilitating communication, resolving conflicts, and ensuring that the team can focus on delivering value without impediments from external sources.

Question 37: Who owns the Sprint Backlog?

Stakeholders
Development Team (Correct answer)
Scrum Master
Product Owner

Correct answer: Development Team

The Sprint Backlog is owned by the Development Team, as they are the ones who forecast the work needed to achieve the Sprint Goal and manage their progress throughout the Sprint. They are self-organizing and empowered to decide how best to accomplish the work. While the Product Owner and Scrum Master support the team, the day-to-day management of the Sprint Backlog is the Development Team's responsibility.

Question 38: Who has the authority to cancel a Sprint?

The Developers
The Scrum Master
Any stakeholder
The Product Owner (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The Product Owner

Only the Product Owner has the authority to cancel a Sprint, typically when the Sprint Goal becomes obsolete.

Question 39: The Product Backlog must have a Product Goal associated with it. What is the purpose of the Product Goal?

To list all the stakeholders and their contact information.
To provide a long-term objective for the Scrum Team to plan against. (Correct answer)
To describe the specific work the Developers will perform in the current Sprint.
To act as a contract that cannot be changed once the project begins.

Correct answer: To provide a long-term objective for the Scrum Team to plan against.

The Product Goal is the long-term objective for the Scrum Team. It is part of the Product Backlog. The Scrum Team must fulfill (or abandon) one objective before taking on the next. It provides context and a target for the team to plan against.

Question 40: What is one duty of the Product Owner during Sprint Planning?

Writing code
Assigning tasks
Facilitating the meeting
Clarifying backlog items (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Clarifying backlog items

During Sprint Planning, the Product Owner's primary duty is to clarify the Product Backlog items selected for the Sprint and explain the Sprint Goal. They ensure the Development Team understands what needs to be built and why, answering any questions regarding the items' intent and acceptance criteria. This collaboration is crucial for the team to create a realistic and well-understood Sprint Backlog.

Question 41: Which statement about the Sprint Goal is correct?

It can be changed at any time by the Product Owner
It must be finalized before Sprint Planning ends (Correct answer)
It replaces the need for a Sprint Backlog
It is optional and used only by advanced teams

Correct answer: It must be finalized before Sprint Planning ends

The Sprint Goal is created during Sprint Planning and must be committed to before the Sprint begins, giving the team a clear, shared objective.

Question 42: How long should the Daily Scrum be?

1 hour
As long as needed to resolve blockers
30 minutes
15 minutes (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 15 minutes

The Daily Scrum is time-boxed to 15 minutes regardless of team size, keeping it focused and efficient.

Question 43: A new ScrumMaster notices the team never challenges the Product Owner's decisions, even when those decisions clearly threaten product quality. Which Scrum values is the team failing to live?

Respect and Focus
Commitment and Transparency
Courage and Openness (Correct answer)
Focus and Adaptation

Correct answer: Courage and Openness

Courage means raising difficult issues and Openness means being honest about problems; teams should respectfully challenge decisions that harm quality.

Question 44: What is the main purpose of the Daily Scrum?

To assign tasks for the day
To inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal and adapt the plan (Correct answer)
To update the Product Owner on completed work
To report status to the Scrum Master

Correct answer: To inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal and adapt the plan

The Daily Scrum is a 15-minute inspection of progress toward the Sprint Goal so the Developers can adapt their plan as needed.

Question 45: What is the primary output of Sprint Planning?

A Sprint Goal and Sprint Backlog (Correct answer)
A release plan for the product
An updated Product Backlog
A list of acceptance criteria

Correct answer: A Sprint Goal and Sprint Backlog

Sprint Planning results in a Sprint Goal that provides a shared objective and a Sprint Backlog containing the work the Developers plan to accomplish.

Question 46: Several stakeholders approach the Developers during a Sprint with new, urgent feature requests. What should the Developers do?

Complete the new requests first as they are marked 'urgent' by stakeholders.
Redirect the stakeholders to the Product Owner to discuss adding the items to the Product Backlog. (Correct answer)
Immediately add the new requests to the current Sprint Backlog.
Implement the requests and inform the Product Owner at the Sprint Review.

Correct answer: Redirect the stakeholders to the Product Owner to discuss adding the items to the Product Backlog.

The Product Owner is responsible for managing the Product Backlog and stakeholder expectations. To maintain transparency and proper ordering, all changes to the Product Backlog should go through the Product Owner. The Developers should focus on the Sprint Goal and the existing Sprint Backlog.

Question 47: Which of the following is a primary service the Scrum Master provides to the organization?

Assigning tasks to individual Developers and tracking their performance.
Directly resolving all technical impediments on behalf of the Developers.
Managing the project budget and reporting on return on investment (ROI).
Leading and coaching the organization in its Scrum adoption. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Leading and coaching the organization in its Scrum adoption.

According to the Scrum Guide, a key service the Scrum Master provides to the larger organization is leading, training, and coaching it in its adoption of Scrum. This helps the organization understand and enact an empirical approach for complex work. Task assignment is a function of the self-managing Developers, budget management is outside the Scrum framework, and the Scrum Master coaches the team to resolve their own impediments where possible.

Question 48: What is the Sprint Backlog?

A report of completed work from the previous Sprint
The Sprint Goal, selected Product Backlog items, and a plan for the Increment (Correct answer)
The prioritized list of all work for the product
The Developers' capacity plan for the quarter

Correct answer: The Sprint Goal, selected Product Backlog items, and a plan for the Increment

The Sprint Backlog consists of the Sprint Goal, the set of Product Backlog items selected for the Sprint, and an actionable plan for delivering the Increment.

Question 49: During a Sprint Retrospective, the Scrum Team identifies that an organizational policy is preventing them from delivering a 'Done' Increment. What is the MOST appropriate stance for the Scrum Master to take?

Tell the Product Owner to remove any related work from the Product Backlog.
Advise the team to ignore the policy and proceed with their work.
Accept the policy as a constraint that cannot be changed.
Work to remove the impediment by engaging with stakeholders and management outside the team. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Work to remove the impediment by engaging with stakeholders and management outside the team.

A key accountability of the Scrum Master is to cause the removal of impediments to the Scrum Team's progress. When an impediment is organizational in nature and beyond the team's ability to resolve, the Scrum Master is expected to work with the larger organization to remove it. This serves both the team and the organization's overall agility.

Question 50: What happens to unfinished Sprint Backlog items at the end of a Sprint?

They are returned to the Product Backlog for re-ordering (Correct answer)
They are automatically moved to the next Sprint with the same estimates
They are discarded and re-created from scratch
They become carry-over tasks assigned to specific Developers

Correct answer: They are returned to the Product Backlog for re-ordering

Unfinished items are returned to the Product Backlog, where the Product Owner re-orders them based on current value and priority.

Certified ScrumMaster (CSM) Exam

The CSM certification validates a professional's understanding of the Scrum framework and their ability to facilitate, coach, and serve a Scrum Team.

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