Clinical Assessment & Patient Care Flashcards

Which appetite stimulant is listed in the AGS Beers Criteria as one older adults should avoid because of thrombosis risk and possible death?

Answer: Megestrol acetate

Beers Criteria advise avoiding megestrol because of thrombotic events, possible increased mortality, and little effect on weight.

Which EWGSOP2 physical performance result indicates severe sarcopenia when low muscle strength and mass are present?

Answer: Gait speed of 0.8 m/s or less

Gait speed ≤0.8 m/s shows low physical performance, which together with low strength and muscle mass defines severe sarcopenia.

In long-term care, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics position on therapeutic diets for older adults favors:

Answer: Liberalized diets when they improve intake and quality of life

The Academy supports individualized, liberalized diets because restrictive diets can reduce intake and raise malnutrition risk.

A useful baseline fluid estimate for many older adults without fluid restrictions is:

Answer: 30 mL/kg/day

About 30 mL/kg/day, or 1 mL/kcal, is a common baseline fluid estimate adjusted for clinical conditions.

An older adult on long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy is at higher risk of which deficiencies?

Answer: Vitamin B12, magnesium, and calcium

Lower gastric acid impairs absorption of B12, calcium, and magnesium, which raises fracture and hypomagnesemia risk.

A resident with mid-stage dementia paces all day and leaves meals unfinished. Which intervention is most appropriate?

Answer: Offer energy-dense finger foods they can eat while moving

Portable, nutrient-dense finger foods help residents who wander meet higher energy needs without needing to stay seated.

Which statement about calf circumference in older adult nutrition assessment is correct?

Answer: A value below 31 cm on the full MNA suggests reduced muscle mass

On the MNA, calf circumference <31 cm scores as low, reflecting possible muscle loss, though edema can skew it.