CSET Subtest II Life Sciences Flashcards

Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body?

Answer: Aorta

The aorta is the largest artery and carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation.

What is the term for the maintained internal stability of an organism's physiological conditions?

Answer: Homeostasis

Homeostasis refers to the processes by which organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Which plant tissue is primarily responsible for transporting water and minerals from roots to leaves?

Answer: Xylem

Xylem is the vascular tissue that conducts water and dissolved minerals upward from roots through the plant.

A population of bacteria doubles every 20 minutes. Starting with 100 bacteria, how many will there be after 1 hour?

Answer: 800

After 1 hour (3 doublings), the population is 100 × 2³ = 800 bacteria.

Which hormone signals the kidneys to reabsorb more water, reducing urine output?

Answer: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

ADH (vasopressin) acts on the collecting ducts of the kidney to increase water reabsorption.

In a food web, which trophic level contains organisms that eat primary consumers?

Answer: Secondary consumers

Secondary consumers eat primary consumers (herbivores) and occupy the third trophic level.

What is the function of the myelin sheath surrounding some nerve axons?

Answer: Speed up the conduction of electrical impulses

The myelin sheath insulates axons and enables saltatory conduction, greatly increasing impulse speed.