CSET Subtest II Life Sciences Flashcards

Multiple pronunciations are associated with common vowel patterns (e.g., steam and bread). Which of the following nonsense words best exemplifies a vowel pattern that is pronounced consistently?

Answer: Troan

"Troan" uses the "oa" vowel team, which is pronounced consistently as a long /o/ sound (as in boat, coat, road). The other nonsense words use patterns with multiple or unpredictable pronunciations: "ow" (low vs. cow), "ough" (through, tough, though), and "oo" (book vs. moon).

The best way for oral rhyme-making exercises to foster phonemic awareness in kids is to teach them how to:

Answer: Attend to the sounds shared by words in the same word family

Oral rhyming activities are most likely to promote phonemic awareness by helping a child learn to attend to the sounds shared by words in the same word family. Phonemic awareness refers to the ability to identify and manipulate the individual sounds (phonemes) in words, and it is a critical skill for learning to read and write.

Which of the following describes the degree to which languages around the world are similar?

Answer: The basic principles of phrase structure (e.g., the subject-predicate structure of sentences)

The languages of the world are most similar in their basic principles of phrase structure, including the subject-predicate structure of sentences.

Which of the following best describes how learning a language that has a history of being related to English (such as German, French, or Spanish) might help someone learn English as a second language?

Answer: Many terms and roots in English and the person's original language probably have similar spellings and meanings.

Knowing a language that is historically related to English (e.g., German, French, Spanish) can facilitate an individual's acquisition of English as a second language because many words and roots are likely to have similar spellings and meanings in English and in the individual's first language.

Reading difficulties that are not brought on by low IQ or a lack of educational opportunities are most frequently brought on by:

Answer: A deficit in phonological processing

According to current research, reading difficulties that are not the result of limited intelligence or lack of educational opportunity are most often caused by a deficit in phonological processing.

A reader's ability to decode is most likely to benefit from having a sizeable oral vocabulary if it helps the reader:

Answer: Recognize a word after sounding it out

An extensive oral vocabulary is most likely to contribute to a reader's decoding skills by helping the reader recognize a word after sounding it out.

Which of the following abilities in phonemic awareness is often the simplest for kids to learn?

Answer: Identifying the initial sound in a word (e.g., /b/ in bed)

Identifying the initial sound in a word (e.g., /b/ in bed) is typically the easiest phonemic awareness skill for children to acquire.