CSET Subtest II Life Sciences Flashcards

Which process produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration?

Answer: Oxidative phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation via the electron transport chain produces approximately 32–34 of the ~36–38 ATP per glucose.

What term describes the movement of a substance from an area of lower concentration to higher concentration, requiring energy?

Answer: Active transport

Active transport uses ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient across a membrane.

In the nitrogen cycle, which bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃)?

Answer: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., Rhizobium) convert inert N₂ gas into ammonia, making nitrogen available to plants.

Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Answer: tRNA

Transfer RNA (tRNA) has an anticodon that matches mRNA codons and carries the corresponding amino acid to the ribosome.

A species found only in one specific location on Earth is described as which of the following?

Answer: Endemic

An endemic species is native to and restricted to a particular geographic area and found nowhere else naturally.

Which part of the brain regulates heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure as autonomic functions?

Answer: Medulla oblongata

The medulla oblongata contains vital autonomic centers that control heartbeat, respiration, and blood pressure.

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Answer: They lower the activation energy, speeding up reactions without being consumed

Enzymes are biological catalysts that lower activation energy and are not consumed, so they can catalyze many reaction cycles.