Exercise Science & Anatomy Flashcards
6 cards from real CSCS practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Exercise Science & Anatomy flashcards as text
Which of the following best describes the force-velocity relationship during concentric muscle contractions?
Answer: As concentric velocity increases, force output decreases
The force-velocity curve shows an inverse relationship during concentric contractions: as velocity increases, force production decreases because there is less time for cross-bridge cycling at each position.
The stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) is most directly exploited in which type of training?
Answer: Plyometric training with rapid eccentric-to-concentric transitions
Plyometric training exploits the SSC by storing elastic energy during the eccentric (landing) phase and rapidly releasing it during the concentric (take-off) phase, enhancing power output beyond purely muscular contribution.
What term describes the voltage level at which an action potential is triggered in a motor neuron?
Answer: Threshold potential
The threshold potential (approximately -55 mV) is the membrane voltage at which voltage-gated Na+ channels open and a full action potential is generated. Below threshold, no action potential fires.
The mechanical advantage of a muscle is determined by the ratio of which two measurements?
Answer: Force arm to resistance arm of the lever system
Mechanical advantage equals force arm (distance from joint to muscle insertion) divided by resistance arm (distance from joint to load). Most skeletal muscles operate at a mechanical disadvantage (ratio less than 1) but gain range of motion and speed.
What cardiovascular adaptation is most responsible for the increase in VO2max with aerobic endurance training?
Answer: Increased stroke volume due to cardiac hypertrophy and greater ventricular preload
Endurance training causes eccentric cardiac hypertrophy (increased ventricular volume) and enhanced ventricular filling, increasing stroke volume. Greater stroke volume with the same or lower heart rate is the primary driver of improved VO2max.
Which ligament is the primary passive restraint limiting anterior tibial translation at the knee joint?
Answer: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
The ACL (specifically the anteromedial bundle) is the primary restraint to anterior tibial displacement relative to the femur, resisting translational force from the quadriceps. It also resists tibial rotation.