Exercise Science & Anatomy Flashcards
6 cards from real CSCS practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Exercise Science & Anatomy flashcards as text
Which muscle fiber type is characterized by high oxidative capacity, slow contraction speed, and fatigue resistance?
Answer: Type I fibers
Type I (slow-twitch) fibers have high mitochondrial density, rely on oxidative phosphorylation, and are highly fatigue-resistant, making them ideal for endurance activities.
The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction states that shortening occurs when:
Answer: Myosin cross-bridges pull actin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere
During contraction, energized myosin cross-bridges attach to actin and pivot, pulling actin filaments toward the M-line (center of sarcomere), reducing sarcomere length without the filaments themselves shortening.
What is the primary role of the Golgi tendon organ (GTO)?
Answer: Detect changes in muscle tension and inhibit excessive force
GTOs are mechanoreceptors in tendons that respond to increased muscle tension by sending inhibitory signals (via Ib afferents) to reduce motor neuron activation, protecting muscles and tendons from excessive force.
During pressing movements like the bench press, which rotator cuff muscle is most at risk of impingement injury due to its passage under the acromion?
Answer: Supraspinatus
The supraspinatus passes under the acromion and is susceptible to impingement and rotator cuff tears during pressing movements, especially with improper scapular positioning.
Which energy system predominantly fuels a 400-meter sprint lasting approximately 45-60 seconds?
Answer: Fast glycolysis (anaerobic glycolysis)
Activities lasting approximately 45-60 seconds rely predominantly on fast glycolysis (anaerobic glycolysis), which rapidly produces ATP from glucose without oxygen, resulting in lactate accumulation.
What is the primary physiological basis for the rapid phase of EPOC (Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption) in the first 2-3 minutes after intense exercise?
Answer: Re-synthesis of phosphocreatine and oxygen debt repayment in blood/muscle
The rapid (alactacid) phase of EPOC is primarily due to PCr resynthesis (approximately 70% complete in 30 sec, complete in 3 min) and restoration of oxymyoglobin and oxyhemoglobin levels depleted during exercise.