Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals Flashcards
7 cards from real CSC practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals flashcards as text
Which part of the nephron is responsible for the initial filtration of blood under high pressure to form the glomerular filtrate?
Answer: Bowman's capsule
Bowman's capsule (glomerular capsule) surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate forced out by hydrostatic pressure during the first step of urine formation.
A phlebotomist palpates a pulse at the venipuncture site. This indicates the needle may have entered which type of vessel?
Answer: An artery
A pulsating, bright-red blood flow indicates arterial puncture; the needle must be removed immediately and firm pressure applied for at least 5 minutes.
Which cranial structure houses the pituitary gland, often called the 'master gland' because it regulates many other endocrine glands?
Answer: Sella turcica
The sella turcica is a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone at the base of the skull that houses and protects the pituitary gland.
The sinoatrial (SA) node initiates the cardiac electrical impulse. In which anatomical location is it found?
Answer: Right atrial wall near the superior vena cava
The SA node is located in the posterior wall of the right atrium near the entry of the superior vena cava and acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart.
Which of the following correctly describes the order of blood flow through the pulmonary circuit?
Answer: Right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium
Deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle via pulmonary arteries, is oxygenated in the lungs, and returns via pulmonary veins to the left atrium.
The periosteum is a fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bones. Why is this relevant to phlebotomy?
Answer: Needles that go too deep may pierce periosteum, causing osteomyelitis
If a capillary puncture device penetrates too deeply, especially in neonates, it can pierce the periosteum and introduce bacteria into the bone, causing osteomyelitis.
Which blood cell type releases histamine and heparin during allergic reactions and inflammatory responses?
Answer: Basophils
Basophils are granulocytes that contain granules filled with histamine (causing vasodilation) and heparin (an anticoagulant) released during allergic and inflammatory reactions.