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Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals Flashcards

7 cards from real CSC practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals flashcards as text

  1. Which type of blood vessel has the thinnest walls and is the primary site of gas and nutrient exchange between blood and tissues?

    Answer: Capillaries

    Capillaries have walls only one cell thick (a single endothelial layer), allowing efficient diffusion of oxygen, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues.

  2. A patient has a mastectomy on the right side. When collecting blood, the collector should use which arm and why?

    Answer: Left arm, to avoid compromised lymphatic drainage on the right

    After mastectomy, especially if axillary lymph nodes were removed, the ipsilateral arm has impaired lymphatic drainage, increasing infection and lymphedema risk if venipuncture is performed there.

  3. Which cardiac chamber pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta for systemic circulation?

    Answer: Left ventricle

    The left ventricle, with its thick muscular wall, generates sufficient pressure to pump oxygenated blood through the aorta to the entire systemic circulation.

  4. The antecubital fossa contains the median cubital vein superficially, but a deep structure running medially must be avoided. Which structure is this?

    Answer: Brachial artery

    The brachial artery runs deep in the medial antecubital fossa; accidental puncture can cause hematoma, arteriovenous fistula, or nerve damage.

  5. Which organ of the endocrine system produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose, and is also assessed via amylase and lipase blood tests?

    Answer: Pancreas

    The pancreas has both endocrine functions (insulin/glucagon from islets of Langerhans) and exocrine functions (amylase/lipase for digestion).

  6. In anatomical position, the term 'lateral' means toward which direction?

    Answer: Away from the midline of the body

    Lateral refers to a position away from the midline of the body, while medial refers to a position toward the midline.

  7. The process by which leukocytes squeeze through capillary walls into surrounding tissue to fight infection is called:

    Answer: Diapedesis

    Diapedesis (also called extravasation) is the migration of leukocytes through intact capillary walls into the interstitial tissue at infection sites.