Multicultural Counseling & Diversity Flashcards

The RESPECTFUL counseling model developed by D'Andrea and Daniels uses the 'R' to represent which factor affecting client development?

Answer: Religious and spiritual identity

In the RESPECTFUL model, 'R' stands for Religious/spiritual identity, recognizing it as one of ten key factors that shape human development and counseling relationships.

Which concept describes the stress experienced by individuals who must navigate between their culture of origin and the dominant culture of the society they live in?

Answer: Acculturative stress

Acculturative stress refers to the psychological impact of adapting to a new culture while maintaining aspects of one's heritage culture, particularly common among immigrants and their children.

When counseling LGBTQ+ students, a school counselor should prioritize:

Answer: Creating an affirming environment and connecting students to appropriate support resources

School counselors should create affirming, safe environments for LGBTQ+ students and connect them with appropriate resources, consistent with ASCA's position on supporting LGBTQ+ youth.

Intersectionality, as applied to school counseling, means that a school counselor should:

Answer: Consider how multiple aspects of a student's identity (race, gender, class, etc.) interact to shape their experience

Intersectionality recognizes that students hold multiple identities simultaneously and that the interaction of race, gender, class, disability, and other factors creates unique experiences of privilege and oppression.

A counselor's implicit bias most directly affects students when it influences:

Answer: Referrals, recommendations, and access to academic opportunities

Implicit biases most directly harm students when they shape who counselors refer for gifted programs, Advanced Placement courses, discipline, or special education, creating systemic inequities.

Which approach is most culturally responsive when working with a student from a collectivist cultural background regarding a personal problem?

Answer: Explore whether the student wants family or community involvement in the solution

Students from collectivist cultures may define problems and solutions in terms of family and community, so exploring the student's preferred level of family involvement is culturally responsive.

Which phenomenon occurs when students from stigmatized groups perform worse on tests after being reminded of negative stereotypes about their group?

Answer: Stereotype threat

Stereotype threat, identified by Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson, refers to the risk of confirming a negative stereotype about one's group, which can impair academic performance on assessments.