Human Perception & Sensory Physiology Flashcards
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Read the first 7 Human Perception & Sensory Physiology flashcards as text
Which cranial nerve branch carries taste information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?
Answer: Chorda tympani of the facial nerve (VII)
The chorda tympani, a branch of the facial nerve, carries taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
Approximately how often are human taste receptor cells replaced?
Answer: Every 10 to 14 days
Taste receptor cells have a short lifespan and turn over roughly every 1-2 weeks.
Which receptor combination is responsible for detecting sweet taste in humans?
Answer: T1R2 + T1R3
Sweet taste is mediated by the T1R2/T1R3 heterodimer G-protein-coupled receptor.
Umami taste, elicited by monosodium glutamate, is primarily detected by which receptor?
Answer: T1R1 + T1R3
The T1R1/T1R3 heterodimer is the principal umami receptor.
Why can humans detect thousands of structurally diverse bitter compounds?
Answer: Humans have about 25 different T2R bitter receptors
A family of roughly 25 T2R receptors, many broadly tuned, allows detection of diverse bitter molecules.
Which mechanism is currently recognized as the main transducer of sour taste?
Answer: Proton influx through the OTOP1 channel
Sour taste is mediated mainly by protons entering type III taste cells through the OTOP1 proton channel.
Panelists classified as PROP 'supertasters' typically differ from non-tasters by having:
Answer: A higher density of fungiform papillae
Supertasters tend to have more fungiform papillae and stronger responses to bitter and oral irritants.
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