CRS Research Integrity & Scientific Misconduct 2

Question 1

Self-plagiarism in academic research is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

Reusing one's own previously published work without appropriate disclosure or attribution

Answer

Self-plagiarism occurs when researchers reuse substantial portions of their own prior publications without disclosing the overlap, misleading readers about the originality of the work.

Question 2

According to ICMJE guidelines, all of the following criteria must be met to qualify as an author EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Funding acquisition as the primary grant holder for the study

Answer

ICMJE authorship requires intellectual contribution, drafting/revision, final approval, and accountability — funding acquisition alone does not qualify someone for authorship.

Question 3

Ghost authorship refers to a situation where:

Accepted Answer

A person who made significant intellectual contributions is not listed as an author

Answer

Ghost authorship occurs when someone who made substantial contributions to a study is excluded from the author list, often to conceal industry involvement or conflicts of interest.

Question 4

A retraction notice in a scientific journal is issued primarily to:

Accepted Answer

Formally withdraw a published article due to major errors, misconduct, or irreproducible results

Answer

Retraction formally removes a flawed or fraudulent article from the scientific record, signaling to readers that the work should not be relied upon.

Question 5

P-hacking (also called data dredging) in research refers to:

Accepted Answer

Conducting multiple analyses or trying different statistical approaches until a significant result is found

Answer

P-hacking involves conducting numerous analyses or manipulating approaches until a p-value below the threshold is achieved, inflating the false-positive rate and undermining reproducibility.

(CRS) Certified Research Specialist Practice Test

(CRS) Certified Research Specialist Practice Test

CRS Research Integrity & Scientific Misconduct 2