CRS Research Integrity & Scientific Misconduct 2

Question 1

Self-plagiarism in academic research is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

Reusing one's own previously published work without appropriate disclosure or attribution

Answer

Copying a colleague's unpublished manuscript without permission

Answer

Using automated text-generation tools to write a manuscript

Answer

Paraphrasing published work without citing the original source

Question 2

According to ICMJE guidelines, all of the following criteria must be met to qualify as an author EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Funding acquisition as the primary grant holder for the study

Answer

Substantial contributions to conception, design, acquisition, or analysis of data

Answer

Drafting or critically revising the work for important intellectual content

Answer

Accountability for all aspects of the work's accuracy and integrity

Question 3

Ghost authorship refers to a situation where:

Accepted Answer

A person who made significant intellectual contributions is not listed as an author

Answer

An author requests anonymity during the peer review process

Answer

An author passes away before a paper is published

Answer

A corresponding author submits a manuscript under a pseudonym

Question 4

A retraction notice in a scientific journal is issued primarily to:

Accepted Answer

Formally withdraw a published article due to major errors, misconduct, or irreproducible results

Answer

Provide supplementary data that strengthens the original findings

Answer

Correct minor typographical or formatting errors without changing conclusions

Answer

Update the paper's authorship list after initial publication

Question 5

P-hacking (also called data dredging) in research refers to:

Accepted Answer

Conducting multiple analyses or trying different statistical approaches until a significant result is found

Answer

Unauthorized access to a competitor's research database

Answer

Falsifying p-values in the final statistical report submitted to a journal

Answer

Reporting only non-significant results to counteract publication bias

Question 6

Honorary (gift) authorship violates research integrity primarily because it:

Accepted Answer

Misrepresents who actually contributed to the research and undermines accountability

Answer

Violates copyright law by listing too many contributors on a single paper

Answer

Prevents junior researchers from receiving proper first-author credit

Answer

Inflates citation counts beyond norms acceptable to journal editors

Question 7

When a researcher discovers a non-fraudulent error in their own published paper that does not affect the main conclusions, the appropriate response is to:

Accepted Answer

Publish a correction notice (erratum) through the journal

Answer

Retract the entire paper and resubmit a corrected version to a different journal

Answer

Make no public acknowledgment if the error is minor in scope

Answer

Request that the journal quietly replace the PDF without a formal notice