Harm Reduction & Overdose Prevention Flashcards

An overdose involves fentanyl mixed with xylazine ('tranq'). What should a responder do?

Answer: Give naloxone anyway, support breathing, and call 911

Naloxone does not reverse xylazine, but it still reverses the opioid, so responders should give it and focus on breathing and emergency care.

What is a key limitation of fentanyl test strips that a peer should explain to participants?

Answer: They detect fentanyl but not how much is present, and they may miss other adulterants such as xylazine

Test strips show whether fentanyl (and many analogs) is present, but they do not measure strength and they do not detect xylazine or every new synthetic.

Which practice is promoted by the 'Never Use Alone' approach?

Answer: Having someone nearby, or a hotline on the phone, who can call for help if the person stops responding

Most fatal overdoses happen when people use alone, so having a spotter or calling a hotline means someone can get help.

Research on syringe services programs (SSPs) shows that they:

Answer: Reduce HIV and hepatitis C transmission without increasing drug use

CDC-reviewed evidence shows SSPs lower infectious disease transmission, do not increase drug use or crime, and connect people to treatment.

A person who overdosed wakes up after naloxone, feels sick, and wants to use again right away to 'stop the withdrawal.' What should the peer do?

Answer: Explain that using now could cause another overdose once naloxone wears off, and offer support and medical care

Naloxone-triggered withdrawal is uncomfortable but passes, while using again as naloxone wears off creates a high risk of re-overdose.

Mixing which type of substance with opioids most greatly raises the risk of fatal respiratory depression?

Answer: Benzodiazepines or alcohol

Benzodiazepines and alcohol are also central nervous system depressants, and together with opioids they greatly increase the risk of stopped breathing.

If you find someone unresponsive but breathing and you must leave them briefly, how should you place them?

Answer: In the recovery position on their side, with the top knee bent

The recovery position keeps the airway open and keeps the person from choking if they vomit.