CRCST Microbiology and Infection Control Flashcards

What does 'bioburden' mean in the context of instrument reprocessing?

Answer: The total number of microorganisms present on an item before sterilization

Bioburden refers to the number of viable microorganisms contaminating an item prior to sterilization; lower bioburden improves sterilization efficacy.

What type of precautions are used for ALL patients regardless of diagnosis in healthcare settings?

Answer: Standard precautions

Standard precautions are applied to all patients and include hand hygiene, PPE use, and safe handling of sharps to prevent transmission of bloodborne and other pathogens.

Which bloodborne pathogen is of the GREATEST concern for CS technicians handling contaminated sharps?

Answer: Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

Hepatitis B virus is highly contagious via needlestick and sharps injuries and poses the greatest occupational bloodborne pathogen risk for CS technicians.

What does 'high-level disinfection' (HLD) achieve that 'intermediate-level disinfection' does NOT?

Answer: Destruction of all microorganisms except large numbers of bacterial spores

High-level disinfection eliminates all microorganisms except high numbers of bacterial spores and is required for semi-critical items like flexible endoscopes.

Why is thorough mechanical cleaning considered the most important step in the reprocessing cycle?

Answer: It removes organic material that would shield microorganisms from disinfectants and sterilants

Organic debris such as blood and tissue can shield microorganisms from the lethal action of disinfectants and sterilants, making cleaning the critical first step.

Which microorganism classification includes HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C viruses?

Answer: Bloodborne pathogens

HIV, HBV, and HCV are bloodborne pathogens, microorganisms transmitted via contact with infected blood or body fluids that pose occupational risks for CS technicians.