Food Safety and Quality Flashcards

A research chef is developing a new shelf-stable, sous-vide chicken product. During the HACCP plan development, which of the following would be identified as the most critical biological hazard to control for this specific product type?

Answer: Clostridium botulinum

Clostridium botulinum is a spore-forming bacterium that can produce a deadly toxin in anaerobic (low-oxygen), low-acid foods that are not properly processed. Sous-vide cooking creates an anaerobic environment, and chicken is a low-acid food. Therefore, controlling for the growth and toxin production of C. botulinum is the most critical food safety concern for this type of product.

Which of the following is a primary objective of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA)?

Answer: To shift the focus of food safety from responding to contamination to preventing it.

The core principle of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) is to transform the nation's food safety system by shifting the focus from responding to foodborne illnesses to actively preventing them. This is achieved through new regulations that require food facilities to implement preventive controls.

During the shelf-life testing of a new salad dressing, sensory evaluation panelists begin to consistently detect rancid notes. This sensory defect is most likely due to the degradation of which component?

Answer: Lipids

Rancidity is the process of oxidation or hydrolysis of fats and oils (lipids) when exposed to air, light, or moisture, resulting in undesirable off-flavors and odors. Salad dressings typically contain a significant amount of oil, making lipid degradation a primary concern for quality and shelf life.

A research chef is conducting a triangle test as part of a quality control check for a newly reformulated soup. What is the primary purpose of this sensory evaluation method?

Answer: To determine if a perceptible overall difference exists between two samples.

The triangle test is a discriminative analysis method used in sensory evaluation. Panelists are given three coded samples, two of which are identical and one is different. Their task is to identify the 'odd' sample. This test is specifically designed to determine whether a sensory difference is detectable between two products.

When establishing a critical limit for a Critical Control Point (CCP) in a HACCP plan, the limit must be:

Answer: A measurable value that separates acceptability from unacceptability.

A critical limit is a maximum and/or minimum value to which a biological, chemical, or physical parameter must be controlled at a CCP to prevent, eliminate, or reduce to an acceptable level the occurrence of a food safety hazard. It must be a scientifically-based, measurable criterion, such as a specific time, temperature, pH, or water activity level.

A research and development team is creating a new plant-based cheese alternative using fermented cashews. Which of the following represents a key microbiological hazard that must be carefully managed during the fermentation and aging process?

Answer: Listeria monocytogenes growth due to high water activity.

Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic bacterium that can grow at refrigeration temperatures and in high-moisture environments. Plant-based cheeses, with their high water activity and neutral pH, can provide a suitable environment for its growth if not properly controlled through factors like starter culture activity, pH reduction, and proper sanitation.