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Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

6 cards from real CRAT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 6 Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology flashcards as text

  1. Which structure is the primary pacemaker of the heart under normal conditions?

    Answer: Sinoatrial (SA) node

    The SA node in the right atrium is the dominant pacemaker, firing at 60-100 bpm due to its fastest intrinsic automaticity.

  2. What is the intrinsic firing rate of the AV node if it serves as the escape pacemaker?

    Answer: 40-60 bpm

    The AV junction has an intrinsic escape rate of 40-60 bpm, slower than the SA node but faster than ventricular escape rhythms.

  3. During ventricular depolarization, which ECG component is produced?

    Answer: QRS complex

    The QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization — the electrical activation that spreads through the ventricular myocardium triggering contraction.

  4. The refractory period of the AV node serves which primary function?

    Answer: Limiting ventricular rate during rapid atrial arrhythmias

    The AV node's inherent delay and refractory period act as a gatekeeper, preventing excessively rapid atrial rates from being conducted to the ventricles at dangerous speeds.

  5. Which coronary artery most commonly supplies the SA node?

    Answer: Right coronary artery (RCA)

    In approximately 60% of individuals, the SA node is perfused by the right coronary artery, which is why inferior MI (RCA territory) often causes sinus bradycardia or AV block.

  6. The T wave on the ECG represents which electrophysiological event?

    Answer: Ventricular repolarization

    The T wave represents ventricular repolarization — the recovery phase of the ventricular cells preparing for the next depolarization.

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