CQIA Quality Fundamentals 3

Question 1

A company measures defects per million opportunities (DPMO). A process with a DPMO of 3.4 corresponds to which sigma level?

Accepted Answer

6 sigma

Answer

Six Sigma by definition targets 3.4 DPMO, representing near-perfect process performance.

Question 2

Which quality tool is most appropriate for displaying the distribution of a continuous data set?

Accepted Answer

Histogram

Answer

A histogram displays the frequency distribution of continuous data, revealing its shape, center, and spread.

Question 3

The concept of 'zero defects' as a quality standard was championed by:

Accepted Answer

Philip Crosby

Answer

Philip Crosby promoted zero defects as the only acceptable performance standard, arguing that quality is free.

Question 4

In a cause-and-effect diagram, the 'bones' branching off the main arrow typically represent:

Accepted Answer

Major categories of potential causes

Answer

The branches (bones) of a fishbone diagram represent major categories of potential root causes, such as the 6 Ms.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a leading indicator in quality management?

Accepted Answer

Percentage of employees trained on new procedures

Answer

Leading indicators measure activities that predict future quality outcomes, such as training completion rates.

(CQIA) ASQ Certified Quality Improvement Associate Practice Test