Quality Fundamentals Flashcards
7 cards from real CQIA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Quality Fundamentals flashcards as text
A company measures defects per million opportunities (DPMO). A process with a DPMO of 3.4 corresponds to which sigma level?
Answer: 6 sigma
Six Sigma by definition targets 3.4 DPMO, representing near-perfect process performance.
Which quality tool is most appropriate for displaying the distribution of a continuous data set?
Answer: Histogram
A histogram displays the frequency distribution of continuous data, revealing its shape, center, and spread.
The concept of 'zero defects' as a quality standard was championed by:
Answer: Philip Crosby
Philip Crosby promoted zero defects as the only acceptable performance standard, arguing that quality is free.
In a cause-and-effect diagram, the 'bones' branching off the main arrow typically represent:
Answer: Major categories of potential causes
The branches (bones) of a fishbone diagram represent major categories of potential root causes, such as the 6 Ms.
Which of the following is an example of a leading indicator in quality management?
Answer: Percentage of employees trained on new procedures
Leading indicators measure activities that predict future quality outcomes, such as training completion rates.
Continuous improvement that involves everyone in an organization making small, incremental improvements is called:
Answer: Kaizen
Kaizen is a Japanese philosophy of continuous improvement through small, ongoing positive changes made by everyone.
When a process produces output that consistently meets customer requirements, the process is said to be:
Answer: Capable
Process capability refers to the ability of a process to consistently produce output that meets specification limits.