Quality Fundamentals Flashcards
7 cards from real CQIA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Quality Fundamentals flashcards as text
Which quality concept describes the difference between what a customer expects and what they actually receive?
Answer: Quality gap
A quality gap is the measurable difference between customer expectations and actual delivered quality.
In quality management, 'fitness for use' is a definition attributed to which quality pioneer?
Answer: Joseph Juran
Joseph Juran defined quality as 'fitness for use,' meaning a product meets the customer's intended purpose.
A process that produces output within specification limits but shows a non-random pattern is best described as:
Answer: Capable but not stable
A non-random pattern indicates the process is not in statistical control (unstable), even if output meets specs.
Which of the following best represents an internal failure cost?
Answer: Rework performed before shipment
Internal failure costs occur when defects are found before the product reaches the customer, such as rework.
The PDCA cycle was popularized in quality management primarily by:
Answer: W. Edwards Deming
W. Edwards Deming popularized the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle as a foundation for continuous improvement.
What is the primary purpose of a quality management system (QMS)?
Answer: To provide a framework for consistently meeting customer and regulatory requirements
A QMS provides the organizational structure, processes, and resources to consistently satisfy customer and regulatory requirements.
Which term describes variability in a process that comes from many small, unavoidable sources and is always present?
Answer: Common cause variation
Common cause variation is inherent, random variation from many small factors that are always present in a stable process.