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Landfill Gas Management and Energy Recovery Flashcards

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  1. What are the two primary components of landfill gas (LFG)?

    Answer: Methane and carbon dioxide

    LFG is composed primarily of approximately 50% methane and 50% carbon dioxide by volume, produced through anaerobic decomposition of organic waste.

  2. Under the Clean Air Act, which regulatory standard specifically governs MSW landfill air emissions requiring gas collection and control systems?

    Answer: New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) under 40 CFR Part 60

    MSW landfill air emissions are regulated under NSPS in 40 CFR Part 60, which sets emission thresholds that trigger gas collection and control system installation requirements.

  3. At what volume concentration of methane in ambient air does the lower explosive limit (LEL) become a safety concern?

    Answer: 5% methane by volume

    The lower explosive limit (LEL) for methane is approximately 5% by volume in air, below which the gas-air mixture is too lean to ignite.

  4. What biological process is primarily responsible for landfill gas production in a sanitary landfill?

    Answer: Anaerobic biodegradation of organic waste

    LFG is generated when anaerobic microorganisms decompose organic waste in the oxygen-depleted environment deep within the landfill, producing methane and carbon dioxide.

  5. Which type of landfill gas combustion device most effectively controls trace organic compound emissions?

    Answer: Enclosed ground flare

    Enclosed ground flares achieve destruction efficiencies of 99%+ for trace organics by providing controlled residence time, high temperature, and turbulent mixing in a sealed combustion chamber.

  6. What is the approximate energy content (BTU/scf) of typical landfill gas containing approximately 50% methane?

    Answer: 450–550 BTU/scf

    LFG with approximately 50% methane content has an energy value of roughly 450–550 BTU/scf, about half the energy content of pipeline-quality natural gas.

  7. Which voluntary EPA program specifically promotes the development of landfill gas energy recovery projects?

    Answer: Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP)

    EPA's Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP) is a voluntary assistance and partnership program that facilitates the development of LFG-to-energy projects at landfills across the United States.