Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals Flashcards
7 cards from real CPT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals flashcards as text
Muscle atrophy in the residual limb occurs partly due to denervation. Which cellular mechanism primarily drives skeletal muscle hypertrophy when a person with a prosthesis exercises?
Answer: Satellite cell activation and fusion
Satellite cells (muscle stem cells) activate in response to exercise stress, fuse with existing fibers, and increase muscle cross-sectional area.
Which of the following accurately describes the role of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) in prosthetic evaluation?
Answer: It is a pelvic landmark used to assess leg length and pelvic obliquity
The ASIS is a bony pelvic landmark used to assess pelvic level, leg length discrepancy, and alignment during prosthetic fitting.
A transfemoral amputee with a hip flexion contracture will likely exhibit which gait deviation when using a prosthesis?
Answer: Excessive lumbar lordosis and forward trunk lean
A hip flexion contracture prevents full hip extension, causing increased lumbar lordosis and anterior trunk lean during prosthetic ambulation.
Which connective tissue structure connects muscle to bone and is important to protect during residual limb socket fitting?
Answer: Tendon
Tendons connect muscle to bone and can be sensitive to compression or shear forces from a poorly fitting socket.
The patellar tendon-bearing (PTB) socket design relies on offloading pressure to specific tibial structures. Which area is considered a pressure-tolerant site?
Answer: Patellar tendon
The patellar tendon is a broad, fibrous structure that tolerates significant loading and is a primary weight-bearing area in PTB socket design.
What is the primary function of articular (hyaline) cartilage in synovial joints, relevant when assessing residual joint health in partial-foot amputees?
Answer: Force transmission and shock absorption with low friction
Articular cartilage provides a smooth, low-friction surface and distributes compressive loads, protecting subchondral bone in weight-bearing joints.
Which anatomical structure forms the roof of the carpal tunnel and is relevant when fitting upper-limb prostheses to prevent median nerve compression?
Answer: Flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)
The flexor retinaculum forms the roof of the carpal tunnel; its compression on the median nerve causes carpal tunnel syndrome.