Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals Flashcards

Which bone forms the posterior portion of the hard palate and separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity?

Answer: Palatine bone

The palatine bone forms the posterior portion of the hard palate and plays a role in separating the oral and nasal cavities.

A prosthetic technician needs to understand the cross-sectional anatomy of the residual limb. Which layer lies immediately deep to the skin and contains adipose tissue?

Answer: Superficial fascia

The superficial fascia (hypodermis) lies directly beneath the skin and contains adipose tissue that cushions the residual limb.

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for knee extension and is critical to consider when fabricating a transfemoral prosthesis?

Answer: Quadriceps femoris

The quadriceps femoris group extends the knee and its residual function significantly affects gait with a transfemoral prosthesis.

In the context of residual limb vascular assessment, which vessel is the primary arterial supply to the lower extremity?

Answer: Femoral artery

The femoral artery is the main arterial supply to the lower extremity, originating from the external iliac artery.

Which anatomical landmark on the distal femur is most important when determining socket trim lines for a transfemoral prosthesis?

Answer: Femoral condyles

The femoral condyles represent the distal end of the femur and guide socket trim line placement in transfemoral prosthetics.

Synovial fluid serves as a lubricant in joints. Which cells in the synovial membrane produce this fluid?

Answer: Synoviocytes

Synoviocytes (synovial cells) line the synovial membrane and secrete synovial fluid that lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage.

When reviewing dermatomes relevant to lower-limb prosthetics, which spinal nerve root primarily innervates the medial aspect of the leg and foot?

Answer: L4

The L4 dermatome covers the medial leg and foot, and its integrity is important when assessing sensation in the residual limb.