CPSS Performance Assessment Technologies 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor axis combination is most commonly used to quantify athlete jump height via double integration of acceleration?
- Gyroscope X and Y axes only
- Accelerometer vertical axis alone (Correct answer)
- Magnetometer combined with gyroscope
- Barometric altimeter only
Correct answer: Accelerometer vertical axis alone
Vertical axis accelerometer data is double-integrated over flight time to estimate jump height in IMU-based systems.
Question 2: In GPS-based athlete monitoring, what does the term 'metabolic power' estimate during sport activity?
- Heart rate oxygen consumption ratio
- Energy expenditure derived from velocity and acceleration data (Correct answer)
- Lactate production rate from positional data
- VO2 calculated from GPS step frequency
Correct answer: Energy expenditure derived from velocity and acceleration data
Metabolic power models use instantaneous velocity and acceleration from GPS to estimate energy expenditure per unit time.
Question 3: A performance scientist uses an optical motion capture system with 16 cameras. What is the primary purpose of calibrating the capture volume before data collection?
- To synchronize camera frame rates with EMG signals
- To establish a shared 3D coordinate system across all cameras (Correct answer)
- To measure marker reflectivity coefficients
- To set the maximum sampling frequency of each camera
Correct answer: To establish a shared 3D coordinate system across all cameras
Calibration defines a common 3D reference frame so each camera's 2D image data can be reconstructed into accurate 3D positions.
Question 4: Which blood flow restriction (BFR) technology metric is standardized to minimize inter-individual variation in cuff pressure?
- Absolute cuff pressure in mmHg
- Limb occlusion pressure percentage (Correct answer)
- Cuff width in centimeters
- Heart rate at cuff inflation
Correct answer: Limb occlusion pressure percentage
Setting BFR pressure as a percentage of limb occlusion pressure (LOP) accounts for individual differences in limb circumference and arterial pressure.
Question 5: In near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for muscle oxygenation monitoring, what does the SmO2 parameter represent?
- Systemic arterial oxygen saturation
- Muscle tissue oxygen saturation percentage (Correct answer)
- Hemoglobin concentration in micromoles
- Myoglobin dissociation rate
Correct answer: Muscle tissue oxygen saturation percentage
SmO2 is the percentage of hemoglobin and myoglobin that is oxygenated within the muscle tissue being measured.
Question 6: Which technology is most commonly used to measure ground reaction forces during a bilateral squat in a laboratory setting?
- Dual force plates with independent left and right channels (Correct answer)
- A single large-platform force plate
- Pressure insoles inside lifting shoes
- IMUs mounted on the knees
Correct answer: Dual force plates with independent left and right channels
Dual force plates allow separate measurement of each limb's ground reaction force, enabling detection of bilateral asymmetries.
Question 7: What is the primary limitation of using satellite-based GPS for tracking athletes in indoor arenas?
- GPS signals are too slow for high-speed sports
- GPS cannot function without line-of-sight to satellites, which buildings block (Correct answer)
- GPS accuracy degrades at temperatures above 25°C
- GPS systems require minimum 10 athletes to function accurately
Correct answer: GPS cannot function without line-of-sight to satellites, which buildings block
GPS relies on satellite signals that cannot penetrate building structures, rendering outdoor GPS systems unusable indoors.
CPSS Performance Assessment Technologies 2
Which inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor axis combination is most commonly used to quantify athlete jump height via double integration of acceleration?