CPS Advanced Techniques & Methods 2

Question 1

Which statistical tool is used to determine the minimum number of samples needed to detect a process shift of a specified magnitude?

Accepted Answer

Power analysis

Answer

Power analysis calculates the sample size required to detect an effect of a given size with a specified probability.

Question 2

In Design of Experiments (DOE), what is a 'confounded' effect?

Accepted Answer

An effect whose estimate is mixed with another effect due to the design structure

Answer

Confounding occurs when the estimate of one effect is aliased with another, making them indistinguishable from each other.

Question 3

What does 'heijunka' refer to in lean process management?

Accepted Answer

Production leveling to smooth workflow and reduce waste

Answer

Heijunka is the practice of leveling production volume and mix over time to reduce variability and inventory.

Question 4

When applying regression analysis to process improvement, what does a high VIF (Variance Inflation Factor) indicate?

Accepted Answer

Multicollinearity among predictor variables

Answer

A VIF greater than 10 typically indicates problematic multicollinearity, where predictors are highly correlated with each other.

Question 5

In a TRIZ problem-solving framework, what is the 'Ideal Final Result' (IFR)?

Accepted Answer

A state where the system performs its function without existing as a physical entity

Answer

The IFR describes the ideal solution where the desired function is achieved with no system, cost, or harm — guiding creative problem solving.

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