CPR First Aid: Wounds, Burns and Shock

Question 1

What is the primary first aid treatment for a minor laceration (cut) with active bleeding?

Accepted Answer

Apply direct pressure with a clean cloth or bandage for at least 5-10 minutes without lifting to check

Answer

Apply a tourniquet above the wound immediately

Answer

Clean the wound with hydrogen peroxide and cover loosely

Answer

Elevate the wound only, without applying pressure

Question 2

What is the 'Rule of Nines' used for in burn assessment?

Accepted Answer

To estimate the total body surface area (TBSA) affected by burns for fluid resuscitation calculations

Answer

To determine how many days of antibiotic treatment are needed

Answer

To classify the depth of burn injury

Answer

To identify which burns require immediate surgery

Question 3

How are burn injuries classified by depth, and what characterizes each degree?

Accepted Answer

First-degree (superficial, redness only), Second-degree (partial thickness, blisters), Third-degree (full thickness, white/charred, painless), Fourth-degree (charred to bone/muscle)

Answer

Grade 1 (surface), Grade 2 (deep), Grade 3 (all layers), Grade 4 (bone)

Answer

Mild, Moderate, Severe, Critical based on patient pain level

Answer

Thermal, Chemical, Electrical, Radiation based on causative agent

Question 4

What is the correct first aid treatment for a chemical burn to the skin?

Accepted Answer

Immediately flush with large amounts of cool running water for at least 20 minutes, while removing contaminated clothing and jewelry

Answer

Apply neutralizing agents (e.g., vinegar for alkali burns)

Answer

Cover the burn with a dry dressing and seek care later

Answer

Apply butter or oil to soothe the skin

Question 5

What are the three stages of burn shock, and when does it typically begin?

Accepted Answer

Fluid shift/hypovolemic phase (0-48 hours), diuretic phase (48-72 hours), recovery—shock begins within minutes to hours of significant burn

Answer

Inflammation, repair, remodeling—starting at 12 hours

Answer

Neurogenic, cardiogenic, distributive—starting at 24 hours

Answer

Burn shock only occurs with 100% TBSA burns

Question 6

What are the key signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia, hypotension, pale/cold/clammy skin, altered mental status, decreased urine output, and rapid weak pulse

Answer

Bradycardia, hypertension, flushed skin, and increased urine output

Answer

Only low blood pressure without other symptoms

Answer

Fever, chest pain, and distended neck veins

Question 7

When is a tourniquet the appropriate first aid treatment for a wound?

Accepted Answer

For life-threatening extremity hemorrhage that cannot be controlled with direct pressure

Answer

For any cut that is bleeding

Answer

Only in military settings, never in civilian first aid

Answer

For head and neck wounds with heavy bleeding

Question 8

What is the proper first aid treatment for a suspected open (sucking) chest wound?

Accepted Answer

Seal the wound with a vented chest seal or improvised non-occlusive dressing taped on three sides to allow air to escape during exhalation

Answer

Apply direct pressure with a cloth and tape on all four sides

Answer

Leave the wound uncovered to allow air to move freely

Answer

Apply the tourniquet above the wound

Question 9

What is the appropriate first aid response for a minor burn (first-degree or small second-degree)?

Accepted Answer

Cool the burn with cool (not ice cold) running water for 10-20 minutes, cover loosely with a sterile bandage, and avoid breaking blisters

Answer

Apply butter, oil, or toothpaste to soothe the burn

Answer

Apply ice directly to the burn to reduce pain

Answer

Pop blisters to reduce pressure and infection risk

Question 10

How should an impaled object in a wound be managed in the field?

Accepted Answer

Leave the object in place, stabilize it with bulky dressings, and control bleeding around the object without applying pressure on it

Answer

Remove the object immediately to allow the wound to be inspected and cleaned

Answer

Push the object deeper if it's protruding to prevent it from moving

Answer

Apply a tourniquet directly over the impaled object