Mixed Deck — All CPR Topics Flashcards

A patient regains a pulse but remains unresponsive. What is the priority next step?

Answer: Begin post-cardiac arrest care and monitoring

An unresponsive patient with ROSC needs structured post-arrest care including airway, breathing, and circulation support.

What is the recommended initial oxygen concentration for PPV in term (≥37 weeks) newborns during resuscitation?

Answer: 21% oxygen (room air)

Current NRP guidelines recommend starting PPV with room air (21% oxygen) for term newborns, titrating upward if oxygen saturation remains low.

How long should you check for breathing and a pulse before starting CPR?

Answer: No more than 10 seconds

The pulse and breathing check should take no more than 10 seconds to avoid delaying CPR.

How long should interruptions in chest compressions ideally last?

Answer: Less than 10 seconds

Pauses in compressions should be limited to less than 10 seconds to maintain blood flow.

An adult collapses in a public place and is unresponsive. Under what legal concept may you begin CPR without verbal permission?

Answer: Implied consent

Implied consent assumes an unresponsive person would agree to lifesaving care if able to do so.

How many fingers are used to deliver chest thrusts to an infant?

Answer: Two fingers

Two fingers are used to deliver infant chest thrusts.

An irregular heart rhythm that increases stroke risk by allowing clots to form is called what?

Answer: Atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation can cause blood clots that travel to the brain and trigger an ischemic stroke.

What is the APGAR score and what does it assess in newborns?

Answer: It is a 5-category scoring system (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration) scored at 1 and 5 minutes of life

The APGAR score assesses five components—Appearance (color), Pulse, Grimace, Activity (tone), and Respiration—each scored 0-2 at 1 and 5 minutes.

What is the correct first aid approach for electrical burns and shock injuries?

Answer: Ensure the scene is safe (power off or victim away from source) before approaching; assess for cardiac arrest, entry/exit wounds, internal burns, and spinal injury

Scene safety is the absolute priority in electrical injuries; the victim may still be in contact with live current, making rescuer approach potentially fatal.

Why is continuous cardiac monitoring essential after ROSC?

Answer: Re-arrest and arrhythmias are common

Recurrent arrhythmias and re-arrest are frequent, so continuous monitoring allows rapid response.

What is the first step in performing CPR on an adult who has collapsed and is unresponsive?

Answer: Call for emergency medical help or activate the emergency response system.

The first critical step in performing CPR on an unresponsive adult is to call for emergency medical help or activate the emergency response system. This ensures that professional medical assistance is on its way, as advanced care is essential for the patient's survival. Early activation of emergency services is paramount before initiating chest compressions or rescue breaths.

What should you do immediately after an AED delivers a shock?

Answer: Resume chest compressions right away

Resume CPR starting with compressions immediately after a shock to maintain circulation.

Which NRP action should be performed in the first 30 seconds after birth for ALL newborns?

Answer: Perform the initial steps: warm, dry, stimulate, and position

The initial stabilization steps—warming, drying, stimulating, and positioning—apply to every newborn regardless of anticipated condition.

Why is the 'T' (Time) in FAST considered the most critical step?

Answer: It signals you to call 911 immediately because treatment is time-sensitive

Time stresses calling 911 right away because stroke treatments are most effective within a narrow window.

Which of the following best describes 'secondary drowning' (also called dry drowning or delayed drowning)?

Answer: Delayed respiratory distress or pulmonary edema after a submersion event

Secondary drowning refers to respiratory compromise that develops hours after a submersion event, caused by water in the lungs triggering inflammation or spasm.

Which lifestyle change most directly lowers a person's long-term stroke risk?

Answer: Quitting smoking

Quitting smoking significantly reduces stroke risk by improving blood vessel health and lowering clot formation.

What is the recommended rate of chest compressions for adult CPR?

Answer: 100 to 120 compressions per minute

Compress at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute to maintain effective blood flow.

What airway opening technique should be applied to a victim who may have had a spinal cord injury?

Answer: Jaw-thrust maneuver

During standard adult CPR, the compression-to-breath ratio is typically 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths. This cycle is repeated continuously until professional medical help arrives, the victim shows signs of life, or the rescuer is too exhausted to continue. The two breaths are given after each set of compressions.

What is the significance of 'atrial fibrillation' as a stroke risk factor?

Answer: AF causes irregular atrial contractions that allow blood to stagnate and form clots in the left atrial appendage, which can embolize to the brain causing cardioembolic stroke

AF promotes left atrial appendage thrombus formation due to stagnant blood flow; these clots can embolize to cerebral vessels causing cardioembolic stroke.

Why might multiple doses of naloxone be required when treating a fentanyl overdose compared to a heroin overdose?

Answer: Fentanyl and its analogs are significantly more potent than heroin, binding mu-opioid receptors with much higher affinity, requiring larger or repeated naloxone doses to displace

Fentanyl's extremely high receptor affinity (50-100x more potent than morphine) means more naloxone may be needed to competitively displace it from receptors.