CPP CPP Risk & Protective Factors 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which of the following is considered a risk factor for substance use among adolescents?
- High parental monitoring
- Early initiation of drug use (Correct answer)
- Strong school bonding
- Positive peer relationships
Correct answer: Early initiation of drug use
Early initiation of drug use is a well-documented risk factor that significantly increases the likelihood of developing a substance use disorder later in life.
Question 2: Which domain does 'positive family communication' fall under when classified as a protective factor?
- Community domain
- School domain
- Family domain (Correct answer)
- Individual domain
Correct answer: Family domain
Positive family communication is a family-domain protective factor that buffers youth against substance use and other risk behaviors.
Question 3: In the risk and protective factor framework, what does 'resilience' most accurately describe?
- Absence of any risk factors
- Ability to bounce back from adversity despite risk exposure (Correct answer)
- Having more protective factors than risk factors
- Complete immunity to substance use
Correct answer: Ability to bounce back from adversity despite risk exposure
Resilience refers to an individual's capacity to adapt positively and recover from adverse conditions even when significant risk factors are present.
Question 4: Which of the following best describes a 'promotive factor' in prevention science?
- A factor that reduces the impact of risk
- A factor associated with positive outcomes regardless of risk level (Correct answer)
- A factor that eliminates all risk
- A factor specific to high-risk populations
Correct answer: A factor associated with positive outcomes regardless of risk level
Promotive factors are directly associated with positive outcomes and beneficial development regardless of the level of risk present in a population.
Question 5: The Social Development Model suggests that reducing problem behavior requires strengthening which combination of elements?
- Opportunities, skills, and recognition (Correct answer)
- Awareness, willingness, and access
- Policy, enforcement, and treatment
- Education, outreach, and follow-up
Correct answer: Opportunities, skills, and recognition
The Social Development Model holds that bonding — which deters problem behavior — is built through opportunities for involvement, skills to participate, and recognition for participation.
Question 6: Which community-level risk factor is most directly addressed by increasing access to after-school programs?
- Laws and norms favorable to drug use
- Low neighborhood attachment
- Availability of drugs
- Lack of opportunities for prosocial involvement (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Lack of opportunities for prosocial involvement
After-school programs directly counter the community risk factor of insufficient prosocial involvement opportunities by giving youth structured, supervised activities.
CPP CPP Risk & Protective Factors 1
Which of the following is considered a risk factor for substance use among adolescents?