CPP CPP Prevention Science & Theory 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which of the following best defines 'prevention science' as used in the CPP framework?
- The study of criminal justice responses to drug use
- The application of scientific research to develop and test interventions that reduce risk behaviors (Correct answer)
- Laboratory research on the neurological effects of substances
- Statistical analysis of national drug use surveys
Correct answer: The application of scientific research to develop and test interventions that reduce risk behaviors
Prevention science applies rigorous scientific methods to understand the causes of problem behaviors and to develop, test, and disseminate evidence-based interventions that reduce those behaviors.
Question 2: The Institute of Medicine (IOM) classification system divides prevention into three categories. Which correctly lists all three?
- Primary, secondary, tertiary
- Universal, selective, indicated (Correct answer)
- Awareness, education, intervention
- Individual, group, community
Correct answer: Universal, selective, indicated
The IOM spectrum classifies prevention as universal (for all), selective (for at-risk groups), and indicated (for individuals showing early signs of problems).
Question 3: A universal prevention program targets which population?
- Only individuals with a diagnosed substance use disorder
- Only individuals identified as high-risk
- The entire population regardless of individual risk level (Correct answer)
- Youth who have already experimented with substances
Correct answer: The entire population regardless of individual risk level
Universal prevention programs are designed for and delivered to the entire general population without regard to individual risk factors or prior problem behavior.
Question 4: Social Learning Theory, as applied in substance abuse prevention, emphasizes which mechanism of behavior change?
- Genetic predisposition to addiction
- Observational learning, modeling, and reinforcement (Correct answer)
- Neurochemical reward pathways
- Punitive consequences for drug use
Correct answer: Observational learning, modeling, and reinforcement
Social Learning Theory posits that behaviors — including substance use — are learned through observation of others, imitation of modeled behavior, and reinforcement of outcomes.
Question 5: In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which system includes direct face-to-face interactions such as family and school?
- Macrosystem
- Exosystem
- Chronosystem
- Microsystem (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Microsystem
The microsystem is the innermost layer of Bronfenbrenner's model and includes the immediate environments — family, school, peers — where direct interactions occur.
Question 6: Which prevention theory proposes that individuals move through stages (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance) before changing behavior?
- Health Belief Model
- Social Norms Theory
- Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change) (Correct answer)
- Theory of Planned Behavior
Correct answer: Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change)
The Transtheoretical Model, developed by Prochaska and DiClemente, describes behavior change as a progression through five distinct stages, each requiring different intervention strategies.
CPP CPP Prevention Science & Theory 1
Which of the following best defines 'prevention science' as used in the CPP framework?