CPOT CPOT Ocular Anatomy & Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The crystalline lens of the eye focuses light by changing shape through a process called:
- Refraction
- Accommodation (Correct answer)
- Convergence
- Diffraction
Correct answer: Accommodation
Accommodation is the process by which the ciliary muscle adjusts the curvature of the crystalline lens to focus on objects at varying distances.
Question 2: Which coat of the eye is the vascular, pigmented middle layer that supplies oxygen to the outer retina?
- Sclera
- Cornea
- Choroid (Correct answer)
- Retina
Correct answer: Choroid
The choroid is the highly vascular middle layer of the eye that nourishes the outer retinal layers with oxygen and nutrients.
Question 3: The anterior chamber of the eye is bounded anteriorly by the cornea and posteriorly by the:
- Vitreous humor
- Crystalline lens and iris (Correct answer)
- Retina
- Ciliary body
Correct answer: Crystalline lens and iris
The anterior chamber is the fluid-filled space between the cornea in front and the iris and lens behind.
Question 4: Normal intraocular pressure (IOP) typically ranges between:
- 2–6 mmHg
- 10–21 mmHg (Correct answer)
- 25–30 mmHg
- 35–45 mmHg
Correct answer: 10–21 mmHg
A normal IOP is generally considered to be 10–21 mmHg; pressures consistently above 21 mmHg may indicate ocular hypertension or glaucoma risk.
Question 5: The transparent, gel-like substance that fills the posterior segment of the eye between the lens and retina is the:
- Aqueous humor
- Vitreous humor (Correct answer)
- Lacrimal fluid
- Synovial fluid
Correct answer: Vitreous humor
The vitreous humor is a clear, gel-like substance occupying the vitreous cavity and helps maintain the shape of the eye.
Question 6: Which extraocular muscle is responsible for intorsion and depression of the eye?
- Inferior rectus
- Superior rectus
- Superior oblique (Correct answer)
- Lateral rectus
Correct answer: Superior oblique
The superior oblique muscle, innervated by cranial nerve IV (trochlear), primarily intorts and depresses the eye when adducted.
CPOT CPOT Ocular Anatomy & Physiology 2
The crystalline lens of the eye focuses light by changing shape through a process called: