Research Methods & Evidence-Based Practice Flashcards

A CPO reads that 'correlation does not imply causation.' In a pool context, this means:

Answer: Two variables rising together does not prove one causes the other

Correlation shows two variables move together, but only a controlled experiment can establish that one variable actually causes changes in the other.

Which of the following is an example of PRIMARY research relevant to pool operations?

Answer: An original laboratory experiment measuring CT values for Giardia inactivation

Primary research involves the original collection and analysis of data, such as laboratory experiments, as opposed to secondary sources that summarize existing research.

What is 'publication bias' and why does it matter to a CPO evaluating pool treatment research?

Answer: Studies showing positive results are more likely to be published, skewing the evidence base

Publication bias occurs when positive findings are more likely to be published than null results, potentially making treatments appear more effective than they truly are.

A facility manager wants to implement a new secondary disinfection system based on available evidence. The MOST rigorous process is:

Answer: Search peer-reviewed databases, appraise study quality, then consult MAHC guidance

Rigorous evidence-based practice requires systematic literature searching, critical appraisal of study quality, and integration with authoritative guidance before implementation.

In pool operations research, an 'observational study' differs from an 'experimental study' in that:

Answer: Researchers observe outcomes without manipulating variables in observational studies

Observational studies measure and record naturally occurring events without intervention, while experimental studies introduce a controlled intervention to determine its effect.

Which research outcome measure is MOST directly relevant to public health in an aquatic facility study?

Answer: Reduction in confirmed recreational water illness (RWI) cases

Reduction in confirmed RWI cases is a direct measure of public health impact, which is the primary goal of evidence-based aquatic facility management.

A CPO is asked to justify a change in backwash frequency based on research. The WEAKEST justification would be:

Answer: A colleague mentioning they changed backwash frequency and 'it seemed to help'

Anecdotal reports from colleagues lack controlled conditions, objective measurement, and replication—making them the weakest form of evidence for operational changes.