Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Flashcards

A practical nurse is conducting a community needs assessment. Which data source BEST identifies the leading causes of preventable death in the local population?

Answer: Vital statistics and mortality data

Vital statistics and mortality data directly capture causes of death and are the primary source for identifying preventable mortality trends in a population.

A nurse is teaching a client about secondary prevention. Which activity BEST exemplifies secondary prevention?

Answer: Screening for colorectal cancer with colonoscopy

Secondary prevention involves early detection of disease in asymptomatic individuals, and colonoscopy screening detects colorectal cancer before symptoms develop.

A client asks why their province recommends fluoride supplementation for children in non-fluoridated water areas. The nurse's BEST response is based on which health promotion principle?

Answer: Population health approach

Fluoride supplementation in non-fluoridated areas is a population-level intervention targeting an entire group to reduce dental caries risk across the community.

Which social determinant of health MOST directly affects a client's ability to follow a prescribed low-sodium diet?

Answer: Access to affordable healthy food

Food security and access to affordable nutritious food is a social determinant that most directly determines whether a client can realistically adhere to dietary restrictions.

A practical nurse notices that teenage pregnancy rates are high in a rural community. The MOST effective primary prevention strategy would be to:

Answer: Implement comprehensive sex education in schools

Comprehensive sex education is a primary prevention strategy that addresses the root cause by providing knowledge and skills before pregnancy occurs.

The Canadian immunization schedule recommends the MMR vaccine at 12 months and again at 18 months. A parent asks why two doses are needed. The nurse explains:

Answer: A second dose ensures seroconversion in the small percentage who do not respond to the first

Approximately 5% of children do not mount a sufficient immune response to the first MMR dose, so a second dose acts as a catch-up to achieve herd immunity levels.

A nurse is applying the precede-proceed model to plan a smoking cessation program. In the PRECEDE phase, the priority action is to:

Answer: Assess predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors that influence smoking behaviour

The PRECEDE phase focuses on assessment and diagnosis — identifying what factors (predisposing, reinforcing, enabling) drive the health behaviour before designing any intervention.