CPHON Tumor Types, Staging, and Treatment Modalities 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The most common type of leukemia in children is:
- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (Correct answer)
- Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Correct answer: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
ALL accounts for approximately 75–80% of all childhood leukemia cases, making it the most common pediatric malignancy.
Question 2: A child with ALL has a WBC of 120,000/mm³ at diagnosis. The nurse should monitor MOST closely for:
- Hypoglycemia
- Tumor lysis syndrome (Correct answer)
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Hyponatremia only
Correct answer: Tumor lysis syndrome
Hyperleukocytosis and treatment initiation in ALL predispose to tumor lysis syndrome due to rapid cell breakdown releasing uric acid, potassium, and phosphate.
Question 3: Which marker is used to distinguish B-cell from T-cell ALL?
- CD20 for T-cell, CD3 for B-cell
- CD3 and TdT for T-cell; CD19 and CD10 for B-cell (Correct answer)
- CD45 for both equally
- HLA-DR for T-cell, CD20 for B-cell
Correct answer: CD3 and TdT for T-cell; CD19 and CD10 for B-cell
T-cell ALL is positive for CD3 and TdT; B-cell precursor ALL is positive for CD19, CD10, and TdT on immunophenotyping.
Question 4: Radiation therapy to which area requires monitoring for growth hormone deficiency in children?
- Pelvis
- Cranial (hypothalamic-pituitary axis) (Correct answer)
- Lower extremities
- Abdomen
Correct answer: Cranial (hypothalamic-pituitary axis)
Cranial radiation can damage the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, leading to growth hormone deficiency and impaired growth.
Question 5: A child with rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder undergoes surgery. The nurse should monitor post-operatively for:
- Respiratory distress
- Urinary retention, hematuria, and bladder spasm (Correct answer)
- Constipation only
- Hearing loss
Correct answer: Urinary retention, hematuria, and bladder spasm
Bladder rhabdomyosarcoma surgery can cause post-operative urinary retention, hematuria, and bladder spasms requiring careful monitoring.
Question 6: Which pediatric brain tumor is associated with the classic triad of increased intracranial pressure, ataxia, and morning vomiting?
- Pilocytic astrocytoma
- Medulloblastoma (Correct answer)
- Craniopharyngioma
- DIPG (Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma)
Correct answer: Medulloblastoma
Medulloblastoma is a cerebellar tumor causing increased ICP, truncal ataxia, and early-morning vomiting due to posterior fossa location.
CPHON Tumor Types, Staging, and Treatment Modalities 2
The most common type of leukemia in children is: