CPACC Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What are the three conformance levels defined in WCAG?
- Basic, Intermediate, and Advanced
- Level A, Level AA, and Level AAA - each higher level includes all lower level requirements (Correct answer)
- Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3
- Bronze, Silver, and Gold
Correct answer: Level A, Level AA, and Level AAA - each higher level includes all lower level requirements
WCAG defines three cumulative conformance levels: A (minimum), AA (most commonly required by legislation), and AAA (highest).
Level A has 30 criteria addressing the most critical barriers. Level AA adds 20 criteria and is the legislative standard. Level AAA adds 28 criteria. AA conformance requires all 50 criteria (30 A + 20 AA). W3C advises against requiring AAA for entire sites.
Question 2: What is WCAG SC 2.4.7 (Focus Visible) and why is it important?
- It requires all images to be visible
- It requires that keyboard focus indicators are visible so keyboard users can see which element has focus (Correct answer)
- It requires visible text on all buttons
- It requires the address bar to be visible
Correct answer: It requires that keyboard focus indicators are visible so keyboard users can see which element has focus
SC 2.4.7 (Level AA) requires visible focus indicators so keyboard users can see which element currently has focus.
Without visible focus, keyboard navigation becomes impossible. Common violations include CSS resets removing focus outlines without replacement. WCAG 2.2 added SC 2.4.11 (Focus Not Obscured) and SC 2.4.13 (Focus Appearance) with specific size and contrast requirements.
Question 3: What does WCAG SC 1.3.1 (Info and Relationships) require?
- All information must be in table format
- Information, structure, and relationships conveyed through presentation must also be programmatically determined or available in text (Correct answer)
- All pages must include a site map
- Related content must appear side by side
Correct answer: Information, structure, and relationships conveyed through presentation must also be programmatically determined or available in text
SC 1.3.1 (Level A) requires that visual structure (headings, lists, tables, labels) is also conveyed through proper code markup.
One of the most frequently violated criteria. Requires proper heading tags, list markup, table markup with th/scope/caption, programmatic form labels, indicated required fields, and landmark roles. When structure is only visual, screen reader users lose navigation ability.
Question 4: What is the purpose of WCAG's Robust principle and SC 4.1.2?
- Ensuring websites handle high traffic
- Ensuring content works with assistive technologies, and SC 4.1.2 requires all UI components have accessible names, roles, states, and values (Correct answer)
- Requiring well-known programming languages
- Ensuring content works offline
Correct answer: Ensuring content works with assistive technologies, and SC 4.1.2 requires all UI components have accessible names, roles, states, and values
Principle 4 ensures reliable AT interpretation. SC 4.1.2 requires all UI components expose name, role, states, and values to accessibility APIs.
SC 4.1.2 (Level A) requires programmatically determinable name, role, states, and values for all UI components. Common violations: custom controls without ARIA roles, toggle buttons not announcing state changes, dynamic content not updating the accessibility tree.
Question 5: What does WCAG SC 2.5.3 (Label in Name) require?
- All form labels must include the user's name
- The accessible name of interactive elements must include the visible text label so voice commands work correctly (Correct answer)
- Labels must be positioned to the left
- All elements must have identical names and labels
Correct answer: The accessible name of interactive elements must include the visible text label so voice commands work correctly
SC 2.5.3 (Level A) requires that accessible names contain the visible text label, ensuring voice recognition commands work.
Voice users say 'click Submit Order' to activate controls. If aria-label differs from visible text, the command fails. Common violations: aria-label values not matching visible text, image buttons with different alt text, and links with differing aria-labels.
Question 6: What new success criteria were added in WCAG 2.2?
- No changes were made
- Nine new criteria including Dragging Movements, Target Size Minimum, Consistent Help, Redundant Entry, and Accessible Authentication (Correct answer)
- All Level AAA criteria were removed
- Only mobile accessibility criteria
Correct answer: Nine new criteria including Dragging Movements, Target Size Minimum, Consistent Help, Redundant Entry, and Accessible Authentication
WCAG 2.2 (October 2023) added nine new success criteria and removed SC 4.1.1 (Parsing).
New criteria: 2.4.11 Focus Not Obscured (AA), 2.4.12 Focus Not Obscured Enhanced (AAA), 2.4.13 Focus Appearance (AAA), 2.5.7 Dragging Movements (AA), 2.5.8 Target Size Minimum (AA), 3.2.6 Consistent Help (A), 3.3.7 Redundant Entry (A), 3.3.8 Accessible Authentication (AA), 3.3.9 Accessible Authentication Enhanced (AAA).
CPACC Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2
What are the three conformance levels defined in WCAG?