Mixed Deck — All CPACC Topics Flashcards

What is an accessible document 'remediation'?

Answer: The process of repairing an existing document to meet accessibility standards after it was created

Remediation refers to the post-creation process of adding tags, alt text, reading order, and other accessibility features to documents that were not originally made accessible.

What role does 'color alone' play in WCAG compliance?

Answer: Information must never be conveyed through color alone - additional indicators are required

WCAG SC 1.4.1 (Use of Color, Level A) requires that color is not the only visual means of conveying information.

What are the three conformance levels defined in WCAG?

Answer: Level A, Level AA, and Level AAA - each higher level includes all lower level requirements

WCAG defines three cumulative conformance levels: A (minimum), AA (most commonly required by legislation), and AAA (highest).

What does 'Simple and Intuitive Use' require?

Answer: The design is easy to understand regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills, or concentration level

Simple and Intuitive Use means the design is understandable regardless of users' experience, knowledge, language, or concentration.

What minimum color contrast ratio does WCAG 2.1 Level AA require between normal-sized text and its background?

Answer: 4.5:1

WCAG 2.1 Success Criterion 1.4.3 (Level AA) requires a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text (under 18pt or 14pt bold). Large text requires only 3:1, while the stricter Level AAA threshold for normal text is 7:1.

What role does EN 301 549 play in European public procurement?

Answer: It is the mandatory reference standard for ICT accessibility in European public procurement

EN 301 549 is the harmonized standard providing presumption of conformity with EU accessibility directives in public procurement.

What does 'remediation' mean in the context of an accessibility evaluation?

Answer: The process of correcting identified accessibility barriers in a product

Remediation refers to the process of correcting accessibility issues that were identified during an audit or evaluation.

What is the relationship between a Voluntary Product Accessibility Template (VPAT®) and an Accessibility Conformance Report (ACR)?

Answer: An ACR is the completed report that is created by filling out the VPAT® template.

The VPAT® is a blank template provided by the Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). When a vendor completes this template with information about how their product conforms to accessibility standards, the resulting filled-out document is called an Accessibility Conformance Report (ACR).

For an accessible PowerPoint presentation, which practice is most important?

Answer: Setting a meaningful reading order and adding alt text to all meaningful images

Setting the reading order and providing alt text ensures that screen reader users receive slide content in a logical sequence with descriptions of any visual elements.

Which of the following design practices best reduces cognitive barriers for users with intellectual disabilities?

Answer: Providing plain language, consistent navigation, and clear visual cues

Plain language, consistent navigation patterns, and clear visual cues reduce cognitive load and help users with intellectual disabilities understand and use content effectively.

What is the purpose of the 'ActualText' entry in a PDF tag for an abbreviation?

Answer: It stores the full expanded form so screen readers can speak the complete phrase

The ActualText entry in a PDF tag allows the full expansion of an abbreviation to be spoken by screen readers instead of the abbreviated characters.

What is dyslexia and how does it affect reading digital content?

Answer: A language-based learning disability that affects decoding of written text, often causing difficulty recognizing words

Dyslexia is a neurological learning disability that affects the ability to decode written language, making reading slower and more effortful for those affected.

The concept of 'Deaf culture' and the view that deafness is a unique identity and a source of community pride, rather than a deficit to be corrected, is most representative of which model of disability?

Answer: The Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model

The Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model views disability as a core part of a person's identity and a point of connection to a larger community with a shared culture. The Deaf community is a prime example, where deafness is seen as a cultural trait with its own language (sign language) and traditions, not as an impairment to be fixed.

What are the four core principles of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), often remembered by the acronym POUR?

Answer: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust

WCAG is organized around four principles—Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust (POUR). Each principle groups success criteria that together ensure content is accessible to a wide range of users with disabilities.

A user with a motor disability who cannot use a mouse relies on keyboard-only navigation. Which of the following website features would present the MOST significant barrier to this user?

Answer: A drag-and-drop interface for uploading files.

A drag-and-drop interface requires precise pointer control, which is a significant barrier for keyboard-only users and those with motor disabilities who cannot operate a mouse. The other options present barriers to users with different disability types (visual, auditory, and cognitive, respectively) but do not directly impact keyboard navigation for a user with a motor disability.

Which principle of universal design states that the design communicates necessary information effectively regardless of ambient conditions?

Answer: Perceptible Information

The 'Perceptible Information' principle ensures that designs effectively communicate information to users regardless of sensory abilities or environmental conditions.

What is the minimum color contrast ratio for normal-sized text to meet WCAG 2.1 Level AA?

Answer: 4.5:1

WCAG 2.1 Level AA requires a minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 for normal text to ensure readability for users with low vision.

It's crucial to employ effective link text because

Answer: When screen reader users hear poor link text out of context they won't know where the link goes.

Effective link text is crucial for accessibility, especially for screen reader users who often navigate by listing all links on a page out of context. If link text is vague (e.g., 'click here'), screen reader users won't understand the link's destination or purpose, making navigation difficult and inefficient. Descriptive link text provides clear information, improving comprehension and navigation for all users, particularly those relying on assistive technologies.

How does the identity model of disability view disability?

Answer: As a positive aspect of identity and a source of community, culture, pride, and shared experience

The identity model views disability as a valued part of personal and group identity, connected to rich culture, community, and shared history.

A city redesigns all its crosswalks with audible signals, tactile paving, and extended crossing times without requiring any individual to prove disability status. This best reflects which model?

Answer: Social Model

The Social Model directs solutions toward changing the built environment for everyone rather than requiring individuals to seek medical accommodations.