General Practice Flashcards

In a salon, many layers of infection control are necessary. The ________ level of infection control is the lowest level.

Answer: sanitation

Sanitation is the lowest level of infection control, involving the removal of visible dirt and debris and reducing the number of microorganisms on a surface to a safe level. It typically uses soap and water or cleaning agents. Disinfection is the next level, destroying most microorganisms, while sterilization is the highest, eliminating all microbial life, including spores.

The second phase of infection control is referred to as _______ and destroys the majority of microorganisms.

Answer: disinfection

Disinfection is the second level of infection control, following sanitation, and is designed to destroy most pathogenic microorganisms on nonporous surfaces. While it significantly reduces the risk of infection, it does not kill bacterial spores. Sterilization is the highest level, eliminating all forms of microbial life.

Peter is packing away his marcels for the day. He burns himself unintentionally. What ought he to start with?

Answer: Immerse the burn in cool water.

For a minor burn, the immediate first aid is to cool the affected area to stop the burning process and reduce pain and swelling. Immersing the burn in cool (not cold or icy) water for several minutes is the recommended initial step. Applying ointment or a band-aid should only be done after the burn has been cooled and assessed.

The scientific term for studying hair is _________.

Answer: Trichology

Trichology is the specialized branch of dermatology that focuses on the scientific study of hair and scalp health, including hair structure, growth, diseases, and treatments. This field is essential for cosmetologists to understand hair conditions and provide appropriate services.

What are the three phases of hair growth and what is the proper sequence?

Answer: anagen, catagen, telogen

The hair growth cycle consists of three distinct phases: anagen (the active growth phase), catagen (a transitional phase where growth stops and the follicle shrinks), and telogen (the resting phase where old hair sheds). This cyclical process is crucial for understanding hair health, loss, and various hair treatments.

The hair strand is composed of three pieces. The _______ is the name of the hair strand's outermost layer.

Answer: cuticle

The hair strand is composed of three main layers: the cuticle, cortex, and medulla. The cuticle is the outermost protective layer, made of overlapping, scale-like cells that protect the inner cortex. Its condition greatly influences the hair's shine, smoothness, and ability to retain moisture.

This kind of water is ideal for shampooing in the salon since it can lather easily. Wasteland or freshwater?

Answer: soft

Soft water contains low concentrations of dissolved minerals, particularly calcium and magnesium, which allows shampoo to lather easily and rinse cleanly. Hard water, conversely, contains high mineral content that can interfere with lathering, leave residue on hair, and reduce the effectiveness of shampoos and conditioners.

Jessica has finished her mani. What is she supposed to do with the cotton, emery boards, and orange wood stick?

Answer: Discard these porous items

Cotton, emery boards, and orange wood sticks are porous items, meaning they absorb liquids and cannot be effectively disinfected or sanitized between clients. To prevent the spread of bacteria and ensure client safety, these items are considered single-use and must be discarded after each service.

Which of the following statements on the application of universal precautions is accurate?

Answer: They are used on all clients.

Universal precautions are an approach to infection control where all human blood and certain body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious for HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens. This means that cosmetologists must apply the same safety measures, such as wearing gloves and proper disinfection, for every client, regardless of their perceived health status. This prevents the transmission of diseases, as many carriers may be asymptomatic.

Diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another are known as communicable diseases. Hepatitis B is an illustration of an infectious disease (HBV). What body parts is HBV able to affect?

Answer: Liver

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious liver infection that can cause both acute and chronic disease. It primarily attacks the liver, leading to inflammation and potential long-term damage such as cirrhosis or liver cancer. Cosmetologists must be aware of bloodborne pathogens like HBV due to the risk of transmission through contaminated tools.

Andrew is packing away his marcels for the day. He burns himself unintentionally. What ought he to start with?

Answer: Immerse the burn in cool water.

For a minor burn, the immediate first aid is to cool the affected area to stop the burning process and reduce pain and swelling. Immersing the burn in cool (not cold or icy) water for several minutes is the recommended initial step. Applying ointment or a band-aid should only be done after the burn has been cooled and assessed.

Using a tourniquet is not advised while giving first aid for a cut. Why?

Answer: It may result in a medical amputation.

Applying a tourniquet incorrectly or for too long can severely restrict blood flow to the limb, leading to tissue damage, nerve damage, and potentially requiring amputation. In most first aid situations for cuts, direct pressure and elevation are sufficient to control bleeding. Tourniquets are generally reserved for severe, life-threatening hemorrhages when other methods have failed and professional medical help is imminent.

The Heimlich technique is about to be executed by Peter. All of the following steps are involved in the Heimlich maneuver. EXCEPT

Answer: Pat the victim on his or her back.

The Heimlich maneuver (abdominal thrusts) is designed to dislodge an object from an adult's airway. Patting the victim on the back is generally not recommended for conscious adults who are choking, as it can potentially push the object further down the airway. The correct steps involve assessing the situation, calling 911 if necessary, and performing abdominal thrusts.

The OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard was established in what year?

Answer: 2001

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Bloodborne Pathogens Standard was originally established in 1991 to protect workers from exposure to bloodborne pathogens. It was later revised and updated, with significant amendments in 2001, particularly regarding the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act. This standard mandates specific practices for handling potentially infectious materials in workplaces, including salons.

On a client, Andrew is analyzing the scalp. Andrew observes bald patches with tiny black spots, a few rounded patches of scaly, dry skin, and a few pus-filled ulcers. What is the client likely to bring?

Answer: Tinea capitis

Tinea capitis is a fungal infection of the scalp, commonly known as ringworm of the scalp. Its symptoms often include scaly, dry patches, redness, hair breakage leading to 'black dots' (broken hair shafts at the scalp surface), and sometimes pus-filled lesions (kerions). Cosmetologists must recognize such conditions and refer clients to a physician for diagnosis and treatment.

In 1875, ______ created the Marcel iron.

Answer: Marcel Grateau

Marcel Grateau, a French hairdresser, is credited with inventing the Marcel waving technique and the specialized curling iron (Marcel iron) in 1875. This innovation allowed for the creation of soft, natural-looking waves that became highly fashionable, revolutionizing hairstyling at the time.